power theorists

Question 1

what is Goffman’s (1955) theory?

Answer 1

suggest we present a particular image of ourselves to others calling this FACE theory as we try to maintain a positive social value

Question 2

what is French and Raven’s (1959) theory?

Answer 2

five forms of power determining what makes someone powerful in a given situation
reward power is typically financial when talking about a leader within a company
expert power is achieved when someone has knowledge or experience
legitimate power is achieved from being appointed in a position of power
coercive power is based on taking things away, usually in the workplace
referent power is power based on popularity, attitude and charm

Question 3

what is Brown and Levinson’s (1987) theory?

Answer 3

developed Goffman’s FACE theory, suggesting we have a positive face (desire to seek approval) and negative face (where an individual asserts need for independence), positive politeness (audience shows individual they approve), negative politeness (audience shows they are avoiding intrusion)

Question 4

what is Wareing’s (1999) theory?

Answer 4

two types of power in discourse: instrumental power (power used by people who have hierarchal authority over others), influential power (influencing or persuading others)

Question 5

what is Fairclough’s (2001) theory?

Answer 5

proposed two types of power: power in discourse (features of speech used to set up relations), power behind discourse (context which enables power to be established)
synthetic personalisation which is creating a relationship with the text receiver
direct address