Powers and Borders SG4

Question 1

What happens in December 2001 in Afghanistan?

Answer 1

UN established ISAF and became directly involved with the US invasion of Afghanistan after 9/11

Question 2

What does ISAF stand for?

Answer 2

International Security Assistance Force

Question 3

What happened in 2004 in Afghanistan?

Answer 3

First democratic elections held and installed Hamid Karzai as first elected president

Question 4

What happened from August 2003 - December 2014?

Answer 4

NATO takes over the running of Afghanistan military operations from UN

Question 5

What happened from January 1st 2015?

Answer 5

NATO withdrawal from Afghanistan, but 10,000 troops remain to train, advise and assist ANSF

Question 6

What does ANSF stand for?

Answer 6

Afghan National Security Forces

Question 7

What has been happening from 2003 to present day?

Answer 7

Taliban insurgency

Question 8

Define Insurgency

Answer 8

Organised rebellion fighting a guerrilla war, trying to overthrow the government

Question 9

What are three challenges to state sovereignty?

Answer 9

Intervention from other countries, NATO taking over Afghan military, Taliban insurgency

Question 10

Define Durand Line

Answer 10

The 2,430km international border between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Question 11

What is the Durand Line an example of?

Answer 11

A porous border

Question 12

When was the Durand Line created?

Answer 12

In the 19th Century by the British

Question 13

What has the Durand Line done to Pashtun ethnic groups?

Answer 13

Sliced them in two, but they still see themselves as one community so ignore the border

Question 14

What is a large section of the Durand Line a divide between?

Answer 14

Afghanistan and FATA

Question 15

What does FATA stand for?

Answer 15

Federally Administered Tribal Area

Question 16

How many ethnically Pashtun Muslims live in FATA?

Answer 16

3 million

Question 17

Despite having parliamentary in Pakistan, what doesn’t cover the FATA region?

Answer 17

The Jurisdiction of the Supreme and High Courts

Question 18

Why has the FATA region become a Taliban stronghold?

Answer 18

The very traditional Islamic views held by tribal elders and the porous border allowed the Taliban to cross over when the UN entered Afghanistan

Question 19

Where is the FATA region?

Answer 19

North Pakistan

Question 20

What was the main aim of ISAF?

Answer 20

Increasing security in and around the capital of Kabul

Question 21

Who was involved with ISAF?

Answer 21

Between 2011 and 2012 ISAF had >130,000 troops from 51 NATO members

Question 22

How did ISAF help to resolve sovereignty issues?

Answer 22

ISAF supported the electoral process in 2004, allowing Hamid Karzai to become president

Question 23

How many people were killed in Afghanistan in 2018?

Answer 23

2,500

Question 24

What are people in Afghanistan today poorer than?

Answer 24

People in the 1950s

Question 25

How long has it been since Afghanistan has known peace?

Answer 25

40 years

Question 26

How many Afghans have been killed in the conflict altogether?

Answer 26

111,000

Question 27

How many Afghan civilians have been injured in the conflict altogether?

Answer 27

30,000

Question 28

How many Afghan refugees were there by the end of 2001?

Answer 28

6 million

Question 29

What are the two main countries Afghan refugees went to?

Answer 29

Pakistan and Iran

Question 30

What was the Kacha Garhi refugee camp originally set up for?

Answer 30

70,000 Afghan refugees in 1980 due to the Soviet-Afghan war

Question 31

What did the UNHCR and NGOs provide at the Kacha Garhi camp?

Answer 31

Humanitarian aid e.g. tents, food, water, medicine

Question 32

When was the Kacha Garhi camp closed?

Answer 32

2007

Question 33

What are three examples of typical support provided to refugees?

Answer 33

Landmine awareness training, Shelter, Vaccinations

Question 34

Who are the NGO known as Caritas?

Answer 34

A relief arm of the Catholic Church running extensive poverty relief projects in Lahore, Pakistan

Question 35

What was the collaboration between UNHCR and Caritas trying to achieve?

Answer 35

Helping Afghan families in Lahore, Pakistan to repatriate back to Afghanistan

Question 36

Was the collaboration between UNHCR and Caritas a success?

Answer 36

2,000 Afghans identified by Caritas in Lahore have been repatriated, in total 8,000 families have been identified in Lahore

Question 37

Why did the UNHCR and Caritas work together?

Answer 37

Caritas had local knowledge of where the Afghan communities were in Lahore, which was unknown by UNHCR

Question 38

What are four interventions by UNHCR aimed at meeting the immediate needs of the returning refugees?

Answer 38

Encashment centres, Education, Shelter kits, Mini HEP schemes

Question 39

How many refugee children living in refugee villages in Pakistan are provided with access to primary education?

Answer 39

57,000

Question 40

In 2018, how many Afghan refugees were on a DAFI scholarship allowing them to study at a Pakistan university?

Answer 40

400

Question 41

How many refugees have returned to Afghanistan since 2002?

Answer 41

5 million

Question 42

What % has the population of Afghanistan increased by due to the repatriation of refugees?

Answer 42

20%

Question 43

What are three examples of community projects supported by AfghanAid?

Answer 43

Bee keeping, Farming, Sewing

Question 44

Why is AfghanAid an example of a bottom up approach, rather than a top down approach?

Answer 44

Set up forums and village councils where men and women can make decisions on what they need and what needs to be done - more sustainable as they don't feel dictated

Question 45

Why are the projects by AfghanAid also an example of appropriate technology?

Answer 45

Low cost, simple to use, affordable

Question 46

What is a drawback for AfghanAid?

Answer 46

They have only been able to help rural areas which are safe for NGO workers to go to

Question 47

Define Local Community

Answer 47

Referring to the people on the ground who are impacted by the conflict

Question 48

How would Afghan citizen react to the removal of the Taliban from power?

Answer 48

Return home, Increased freedom of speech, Removal of restrictions

Question 49

How would refugees feel following their arrival in camps organised by UNHCR?

Answer 49

Feel sceptical, Safe, Potential strain on resources/water supply

Question 50

What is an impact of the removal of the Taliban on farmers?

Answer 50

Not allowed to farm opium anymore, so not making as much money

Question 51

What % of the country believes it is heading in the right direction?

Answer 51

70%

Question 52

How many businesses have opened since 2003 and how many jobs has it created?

Answer 52

350 businesses creating 50,000 jobs

Question 53

What was the life expectancy in 2001 and 2016?

Answer 53

``` 2001 = 39 2016 = 51.3 ```

Question 54

What was the infant mortality rate in 2001 and 2016?

Answer 54

``` 2001 = 160/1000 2016 = 112/1000 ```

Question 55

What % of children were employed in primary school in 2001 and 2016?

Answer 55

``` 2001 = 21% 2016 = 97% ```

Question 56

What is the literacy rate % for men/women in 2001 and 2016?

Answer 56

``` 2001 = 47/12 2016 = 52/24 ```

Question 57

How many refugees/IDPs were there in 2001 and 2016?

Answer 57

``` 2001 = 6 million 2016 = 1.1 million ```

Question 58

What % of the population is unemployed?

Answer 58

40%

Question 59

What % of the population is under the poverty line?

Answer 59

55%

Question 60

What % of the land is cultivated?

Answer 60

6%