Practical 2 Flashcards
(182 cards)
1
Q
What muscle bilaterally flexes the neck and unilaterally turns face to opposite side?
A
sternocleidomastoid
2
Q
What is a displaced fracture?
A
bone moves out of place and breaks in 2 or more places
3
Q
What passes through the external acoustic meatus and where is it?
A
air in meatus conducts sound to eardrum; temporal bone
4
Q
a large, rounded prominence on a bone, usually serving for the attachment of muscles or ligaments; example?
A
tuberosity; ischial tuberosity
5
Q
sticking one’s jaw (or tongue) out in an anterior direction
A
protraction
6
Q
What passes through the foramen magnum and where is it?
A
medulla oblongata; accessory nerve; vertebral arteries; its in the occipital bone
7
Q
form the posterior portion of the hard palate
A
palatine bones
8
Q
What passes through the optic canal and where is it?
A
optic nerve and ophthalmic artery; sphenoid bone
9
Q
moving a structure inferiorly
A
depression
10
Q
the spine of C7 which is especially prominent and easily felt at the base of the neck
A
vertebra prominens
11
Q
What is an example of a long bone?
A
humerus
12
Q
the study of joints
A
arthrology
13
Q
What is an example of a short bone?
A
carpals
14
Q
a socket for the mandible on the temporal bone
A
mandibular fossa
15
Q
the spot on the anterior abdominal skin that lies directly superficial to the base of the appendix; most common site of incision in appendectomies
A
McBurney’s point
16
Q
the rounded portion of the cheek bones
A
zygomatic arch
17
Q
turning a structure around its long axis, as in turning our head
A
rotation
18
Q
the movement at a joint that describes the shape of a cone
A
circumduction
19
Q
tip of the nasal bones
A
apex
20
Q
Give a specific location for a synchondrosis
A
epiphyseal cartilage between diaphysis and epiphysis; specifically, the cartilaginous connection between the ends of the first pair of vertebrosternal ribs
21
Q
compresses the abdomen
A
transversus abdominus
22
Q
How many facial bones do we have?
A
14
23
Q
prime mover of arm flexion; also adducts and medially rotates the arm
A
pectoralis major
24
Q
ribs with no attachment to the sternum
A
floating ribs (11-12)
25
wing-like lateral borders of the nostrils
ala
26
What is an example of an irregular bone?
vertebra
27
What muscle causes the eyes to look up?
superior rectus
28
thin layer of areolar connective tissue surrounding the individual muscle cells within each fascicle
endomysium
29
part of the ethmoid bone that contains the olfactory nerves
cribriform plate
30
the recording of muscle activity obtained by using electrodes on the skin
electromyography
31
part of the zygomatic bones that articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
temporal process
32
What passes through the carotid canal and where is it?
internal carotid artery; temporal bone
33
a large, rough, blunt process; example?
trochanter; greater trochanter of femur
34
the contractile elements of muscle cells
myofibrils
35
What muscle depresses the tongue?
hyoglossus
36
an abnormal forced extension of a joint
hyperextension
37
What type of cartilage are intervertebral discs?
fibrocartilage
38
Myofibrils are composed of an orderly arrangement of thick and thin protein _____.
myofilaments
39
the v-shaped inferior edge of the ribcage
costal margin
40
bringing the thumb and little finger together across the palm
opposition
41
What is the relative mobility of diarthroses?
freely movable joints; usually go with synovial joints
42
the science or study of movement and the structures involved
kinesiology
43
occurs when urate crystals accumulate in your joint, causing inflammation and intense pain
gouty arthritis
44
What muscle causes the eye to look medially?
medial rectus
45
What muscle protracts the tongue?
genioglossus
46
What passes through the foramen spinosum and where is it?
blood vessels to membranes around central nervous system; sphenoid bone
47
What muscle extends the head and elevates the scapula ("shrugging shoulders")?
trapezius
48
What type of cells reside in the lacunae of cartilage?
chondrocytes
49
What passes through the foramen ovale and where is it?
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve; sphenoid bone
50
a depression or hollow, usually in a bone; example?
fossa; hypophyseal fossa and lacrimal fossa
51
standing on one's tiptoes
plantar flexion
52
movement toward the midline of the body
adduction
53
What muscle purses and protrudes lips (kissing and whistling)?
orbicularis oris
54
What is an example of a flat bone?
sternum
55
moving a structure superiorly
elevation
56
small, round projection; example?
tubercle; tubercle of rib
57
What type of fracture occurs when the bone is broken in many places?
comminuted fracture
58
How many bones make up the cranium?
8
59
movement at a joint that decreases the angle between two bones
flexion
60
What type of fracture occurs when the bone is bent, but not broken all the way through?
greenstick fracture (only occurs in children)
61
part of the maxillae that forms the anterior part of the hard palate (roof of the mouth)
palatine process
62
the anterior tip of the mandible (the chin)
mental protuberance
63
bony structure that connects the bodies of most vertebra to the laminae
pedicle
64
ribs with indirect or no attachment to the sternum
false ribs (8-12)
65
flex and rotate vertebral column; compress abdomen
external and internal obliques
66
What is an example of a sesamoid bone?
patella
67
Give a specific location for a synostosis
epiphyseal lines of mature long bones; fusion of infant's left and right mandibular bones
68
the contractile units of skeletal muscle within each myofibril
sarcomeres
69
curving inward of the lower back (lumbar) aka "swayback"
lordosis
70
part of the ethmoid bone that forms part of the nasal septum
perpendicular plate
71
What type of cartilage are the costal cartilages?
hyaline cartilage
72
a sharp, pointed projection; example?
spine; anterior iliac spine
73
What muscle draws the corner of the mouth laterally ("sucking in") and assists in holding food between teeth when chewing?
buccinator
74
What is the end of a long bone called?
epiphysis
75
movement away from the midline of the body
abduction
76
What structure is lacking from all thoracic vertebrae?
transverse foramen
77
any opening in the body which allows another structure to pass through
foramen; mental foramen
78
What passes through the hypoglossal canal and where is it?
hypoglossal nerve; occipital bone
79
What muscle elevates the mandible and closes the jaw?
masseter
80
What type of cartilage are articular cartilages?
hyaline cartilage
81
part of the ethmoid bone which serves as an attachment site for the dura mater
Crista Galli
82
turning of the ankle so that the sole of the foot faces medially
inversion
83
What muscle causes the eye to look laterally?
lateral rectus
84
flexes and rotates lumbar region of vertebral column
rectus abdominus
85
a groove, natural division, deep furrow, elongated cleft, or tear in various parts of the body; example?
fissure; superior orbital fissure
86
What muscle causes the eyes to look down?
inferior rectus
87
What is the relative mobility of amphiarthroses?
allows little bit of movement
88
What is the medullary/marrow cavity filled with?
adipose tissue
89
What passes through the foramen rotundum and where is it?
maxillary division of trigeminal nerve; sphenoid bone
90
Which cranial bones contain paranasal sinuses? (you'll have to name two on the exam)
maxillae, ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal
91
What muscle raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead and moves the scalp?
occipitofrontalis
92
What muscle retracts and elevates the tongue
styloglossus
93
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine that occurs most often during the growth spurt (most common type of spinal curvature overall)
scoliosis
94
part of the ethmoid bone which increase airflow in the nose
superior and middle nasal conchae
95
What muscle, located deep to sternocleidomastoid, elevates the first and second ribs during inspiration (also flexes neck)?
scalenes
96
a nose job
rhinoplasty
97
What are the brow ridges called?
superciliary arches
98
The mandible articulates with which bone?
temporal bone
99
individual muscle cells are grouped into bundles called what?
fascicles
100
rounded surface below the Adam's apple
cricoid cartilage
101
U-shaped bone in the neck that does not articulate with any other bone
hyoid bone
102
What type of fracture occurs when a cranial bone is depressed below normal surface?
depressed fracture
103
depress ribs during forced exhalation
internal intercostals
104
Give a specific location for a syndesmosis
distal joint between tibia and fibula
105
rotating the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly
supination
106
turning of the ankle so that the sole of the foot faces laterally
eversion
107
What does one motor unit consist of?
one motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle fibers it contacts
108
sticking one's jaw (or tongue) in in a posterior direction
retraction
109
What are the two main ways that joints are classified?
structure (what is holding the bones together) and movement (the amount of mobility they allow between the bones)
110
What type of cartilage forms the menisci of the knees?
fibrocartilage
111
prime mover of inhalation; increases thorax volume
diaphragm
112
raised area near a condyle; example?
epicondyle; lateral epicondyle of femur
113
What passes through the jugular foramen and where is it?
glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves, and internal jugular vein; temporal bone
114
contains the tear-gathering sac, may be felt as a small depression on the medial side of each eye socket near the nose
lacrimal fossa
115
exaggerated, forward rounding of the back (thoracic) (posterior exaggeration of the thoracic curve)
kyphosis
116
separates the parietal bones
sagittal suture
117
What type of fracture occurs when the bone breaks and pierces the skin?
open (compound) fracture
118
What passes through the superior orbital fissure and where is it?
oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, opthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve, and abducens nerve; sphenoid bone
119
What is the relative mobility of synarthroses?
they do not permit any movement
120
the knoblike structure on the posterior surface of your skull
external occipital protuberance
121
occurs when your immune system attacks the synovium; the resulting inflammation thickens the synovium, which can eventually destroy the cartilage and bone within the joint
rheumatoid arthritis
122
the shallow vertical groove on the upper lip
philtrum
123
What is the articular cartilage?
cartilage that covers the ends of long bones, preventing them from rubbing against each other
124
What muscle raises the corner of the mouth (smiling) and raises the upper lip exposing the teeth?
zygomaticus major and minor
125
What are the superior borders of your eye sockets called?
orbits
126
What is the PCL and what is its function?
posterior cruciate ligament; it functions to prevent excessive backward displacement of the tibia
127
What muscle closes the eye and is used in blinking and squinting?
orbicularis oculi
128
occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones in your joints gradually deteriorates; after all cartilage is degraded you have bone rubbing bone (most frequent after age 60)
osteoarthritis
129
What passes through the supraorbital foramen and where is it?
supraorbital nerve and supraorbital artery; frontal bone
130
prime mover of arm extension; powerful arm adductor; medially rotates arm at shoulder; "chin up" muscles
latissimus dorsi
131
What type of fracture occurs when the bone breaks but does not penetrate the skin?
closed (simple) fracture
132
What is the ACL and what is its function?
anterior cruciate ligament; it functions to prevent forward sliding of the tibia and hyperextension of the knee
133
prominent bony structure on the temporal bone, posterior and inferior to the ear
mastoid process
134
mucosa-lined, air-filled cavities in the following skull bones: maxillae, ethmoid, sphenoid and frontal
paranasal sinuses
135
movement of the foot towards the shin - walking on the heels
dorsiflexion
136
elevate ribs during inhalation
external intercostals
137
What passes through the foramen lacerum and where is it?
internal carotid artery after leaving the carotid canal, and the auditory tube; temporal and sphenoid bones
138
Which cranial bone articulates with all other cranial bones?
sphenoid
139
What is a non-displaced fracture?
bone breaks without moving alignment, usually only broken in one place
140
makes up the lower, posterior nasal septum
vomer
141
triangular top part of the sternum
manubrium
142
layer of dense irregular connective tissue that wraps around each fascicle in a muscle
perimysium
143
What muscle elevates the mandible and closes the jaw?
temporalis
144
abducts and rotates scapula upward (boxing muscle)
serratus anterior
145
Give a specific location for a suture
between bones of the skull
146
What structure is lacking from all lumbar vertebrae?
transverse costal facet
147
What passes through the internal acoustic meatus and where is it?
vestibulocochlear nerve, internal acoustic artery, and facial nerve; temporal bone
148
What muscle causes the eye to look down and laterally?
superior oblique
149
the structure on the sphenoid bone that encloses the pituitary gland
sella turcica
150
ridge-like structure where the manubrium meets the body of the sternum
sternal angle
151
What muscle tenses neck skin and depresses the mandible (pouting muscle)?
platysma
152
a group of 3 muscles running from the sacrum to the base of the posterior skull; prime movers of back extension; assist in bending at waist
erector spinae
153
What passes through the mental foramen and where is it?
mental nerve, branch of mandibular nerve, and mental vessels; mandible
154
layer of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding an entire muscle
epimysium
155
What muscle, located deep to the trapezius, extends or hyperextends the head; unilaterally bends and rotates head to same side?
splenius capitis
156
Give a specific location for a gomphosis
fibrous connection between a tooth and its socket (either in the mandible or maxilla)
157
part of the mandible that serves as an insertion point for the temporalis muscle that closes the jaw
coronoid process
158
surround and support the lower teeth
the alveoli of the mandible
159
What is a diaphysis?
shaft of a long bone
160
the depression in the superior part of the sternum between the two clavicles
jugular (suprasternal) notch
161
vertical groove in the center of the back
posterior median furrow
162
movement at a joint that increases the angle between two bones
extension
163
surround and support the upper teeth
alveoli of the maxillae
164
a rounded projection forming part of a joint often separated from the shaft by a narrow "neck"; examples?
head; head of fibula
165
"white line" tendon that runs superiorly and inferiorly from the umbilicus; favored site of surgical entry
linea alba
166
What muscle causes the eye to look up and laterally?
inferior oblique
167
What is the source of the signals (voltages) detected by the electrodes on the arm in the electromyography experiment?
the flow of ions through channels in the cell membranes
168
Adam's apple
laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage
169
What passes through the stylomastoid foramen and where is it?
facial nerve; temporal bone
170
a narrow ridge of bone, especially on its border; example?
crest; iliac crest
171
What passes through the inferior orbital fissure and where is it?
maxillary division of trigeminal nerve; sphenoid and maxilla bones
172
What is an epiphyseal plate?
bands of dividing hyaline cartilage on a long bone
173
rotating the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly
pronation
174
part of the nose formed by the paired nasal bones
bridge
175
What occurs during whiplash?
rapid flexion and then hyperextension of the neck damage the joints of the neck and spine
176
Give a specific location for a symphysis
joint between the two pubic bones
177
What lines the medullary cavity?
endosteum
178
tongue-shaped structure at the bottom of the sternum
xiphoid process
179
What houses red bone marrow?
spongy bone
180
What are the four major categories for joint structure?
fibrous, cartilaginous, bony and synovial
181
ribs with direct attachment to the sternum via the costal cartilages
true ribs (1-7)
182
smooth, rounded protuberance at the end of some bones, forming an articulation with another bone; example?
condyle; occipital condyle
