Practice Test #1 Questions Flashcards

Question

You attempt to boot a Windows 10 laptop and receive an "Operating System Not Found" error on the screen. You can see the hard disk listed in the UEFI/BIOS of the system. Which of the following commands should you use to repair the boot sector of the hard disk? a) bootrec /fixmbr b) diskpart list c) bootrec /rebuildbcd d) bootrec /fixboot

Answer 1

**d) bootrec /fixboot** *To repair the drive's boot sector, you should use the command "bootrec /fixboot" and reboot the computer. If the disk cannot be detected, enter the system setup and try modifying settings (or even resetting the default settings). If the system firmware reports the disk's presence, but Windows still will not boot, use a startup repair tool to open a recovery mode command prompt and use the bootrec tool to repair the drive's boot information. The "bootrec /fixmbr" command is used to attempt a repair of the master boot record of a drive. The "bootrec /rebuildbcd" command is used to add missing Windows installations to the Boot Configuration Database (BCD). The diskpart command is a command-line disk-partitioning utility available for Windows that is used to view, create, delete, and modify a computer's disk partitions.*

Answer 2

**d) Under Internet Options, configure the proxy server address as 10.0.0.15** *A proxy server is a web server that acts as a gateway between a client application. To route all of the workstation’s internet traffic to the proxy server, a technician should configure the proxy server address under the Connections tab of the Internet Options section of the Control Panel. The Internet Options section of the Control Panel allows a technician to manage the Internet settings for their computers, including the security settings, access settings, and add-on control settings. Using Internet Options, a technician can set the homepage of the browser, set up the proxy server connection details, and change the trust and security settings used by the system.

Answer 3

**b) Install an anti-virus or anti-malware solution that uses heuristic analysis** *The only solution that could stop this from reoccurring would be to use an anti-virus or anti-malware solution with heuristic analysis. The other options might be able to monitor and detect the issue but not stop it from spreading. Heuristic analysis is a method employed by many computer anti-virus programs designed to detect previously unknown computer viruses and new variants of viruses already in the wild. This is behavior-based detection and prevention, so it should detect the issue and stop it from spreading throughout the network. A host-based intrusion detection system (HIDS) is a device or software application that monitors a system for malicious activity or policy violations. Any malicious activity or violation is typically reported to an administrator or collected centrally using a security information and event management system. The UTM is also acting as an IDS in this scenario based on the option presented.*

Answer 4

**b) VNC** *VNC (virtual network computing) is a remote access tool and protocol. It is used for screen sharing on Linux and macOS. RDP is not open-source. SSH and telnet are text-based remote access tools. Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) uses port 3389 and is a proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft which provides a user with a graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection. Secure Shell (SSH) uses port 22 to securely create communication sessions over the Internet for remote access to a server or system. Telnet uses port 23 to provide a bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection but sends its data in plaintext making it an insecure protocol.*

Answer 5

**d) Increase the Wi-Fi signal being transmitted by their WAP** *Slow data speeds can be caused by too much interference or a weak signal. Try changing the channel on Wi-Fi routers to less-used channels or boost the signal being transmitted, and the performance should increase. Alternatively, if the cellular signal is too low, you can install a signal booster or microcell in the home or office. Enabling MAC filtering would block devices attempting to connect to the Wi-Fi. Turning off the Wi-Fi and using their cellular data plan might be a valid workaround, but it does not solve the issue of the Wi-Fi not functioning properly at home. Upgrading the smartphone would not increase the speed of their home Wi-Fi, as their current smartphone already operates at faster speeds on other Wi-Fi networks.*

Answer 6

**b) Explicit allow for inbound, explicit allow for outbound** *The Windows Defender Firewall is a software-based firewall that is installed by default on Windows workstations. The Windows Defender firewall is used to prevent hackers and malicious software from gaining access to the workstation over the Internet or the local area network. Explicit allow refers to a security posture where the system will only allow an item to traverse the firewall if the traffic matches an existing rule. Implicit allow refers to a security posture where the system will allow all traffic to traverse the firewall unless there is a specific rule to prevent it. This type of explicit allow for both inbounder and outbound is known as an allow list posture as opposed to a blocklist or deny list posture.*

Answer 7

**d) Proximity cards** *A proximity card is a contactless card that usually utilizes RFID to communicate with the reader on a physical access system. These are commonly used to access secured rooms (such as server rooms) or even a building itself (such as at an access control vestibule). Some smart cards contain proximity cards within them, but the best answer to this question is proximity cards since that is the function of the smart card would be the device used to meet this scenario's requirements. An HMAC-based one-time password (HOTP) is a one-time password algorithm based on hash-based message authentication codes. A Time-based one-time password (TOTP) is a computer algorithm that generates a one-time password that uses the current time as a source of uniqueness.*

Answer 8

**a) Defragment the hard drive** & **c) Remove unnecessary applications from startup** *To speed up the boot process, you can defragment the hard drive, remove unnecessary applications from startup, install additional RAM, and replace the hard drive with an SSD. But, to do it with the least amount of expense, you can only defragment the hard drive or remove unnecessary applications from starting up since these actions do not require any additional components to be purchased.*

Answer 9

**b) Loop** * A loop deviates from the initial program path to some sort of logic condition. In a loop, the computer repeats the task until a condition is met. Often implemented with For or While statements. For example, a short script like (For i=1 to 100, print I, next) would print the numbers from 1 to 100 to the screen. A constant is a specific identifier that contains a value that cannot be changed within the program. For example, the value to convert a number from F to C is always 5/9 because the formula is C = (F -32) * 5/9. A comment is written into the code to help a human understand the initial programmer's logic. In Python, for example, you can use the # symbol to comment on a line of code. Anything on the line after the # is ignored by the computer when the script is being executed. A branch is used to control the flow within a computer program or script, usually based on some logic condition. Often, these are implemented with IF THEN ELSE statements.*

Answer 10

**c) Firmware updates** *The Windows Update program can download critical fixes, security patches, and driver updates. The Windows Update program cannot download and install firmware updates because the firmware must be updated before the Windows operating system begins running during the boot process.*

Answer 11

**a) Performance monitor** *Windows Performance Monitor can be used to provide real-time charts of system resources or can be used to log information to a file for long-term analysis. By monitoring different resources at different times of the day, you can detect bottlenecks in a system that are causing problems. It may be that a particular application starts freezing for longer and longer periods. Many things could cause this. Perhaps it is that the processor is too slow, which would cause the requests to take longer. If the hard disk is too slow, this would mean that it takes too long for the computer to open and save files. If the application uses a network link, that link could have become faulty or congested. The task scheduler is a tool included with Windows that allows predefined actions to be automatically executed whenever a certain set of conditions is met. For example, you can schedule a task to run a backup script every night or send you an email whenever a certain system event occurs. Device manager (devmgmt.msc) is a utility used to view and control the hardware attached to the computer. The device manager will highlight a piece of hardware that is not working so that a technician can repair or replace it. The DirectX diagnostic (dxdiag.exe) utility is used to collect info about devices to help troubleshoot problems with DirectX sound and video. It is a diagnostics tool used to test DirectX functionality and troubleshoot video-related or sound-related hardware problems. DirectX diagnostic can save text files with the scan results.*

Answer 12

**a) SAE** * WPA3 introduces the SAE protocol to replace the WPA2's 4-way handshake for password-based authentication. SAE is a more secure method for establishing a shared secret key between the client and the access point. It uses the dragonfly handshake, which provides resistance against offline dictionary attacks (a common vulnerability in WPA2's 4-way handshake). This ensures that even if an attacker intercepts the handshake, they cannot easily guess the password through brute force or dictionary-based methods. Here’s why the other options are not correct: b) Enhanced open: This feature is related to WPA3’s support for open networks that use Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) to provide encryption even on open networks, but it does not involve password-based authentication or the dragonfly handshake. c) AES GCMP: AES GCMP (Galois/Counter Mode Protocol) is a cryptographic algorithm used in WPA3 for encryption, but it does not relate to the password-based authentication or the handshake process. d) Management protection frames: These are designed to provide security to management frames in WPA3, preventing certain types of attacks like deauthentication attacks, but they do not address the password-based authentication mechanism. Thus, SAE is the feature in WPA3 that replaces the WPA2 4-way handshake and uses the dragonfly handshake for more secure password-based authentication. *

Answer 13

**d) ESD strap** *The key to answering this question is the word "while" in the sentence. Since you need to protect the SSD "while" you are replacing it, you must ensure you wear an ESD strap. An ESD strap is placed around your wrist and dissipates any static electricity from your body to protect sensitive hardware such as processors, memory, expansion cards, and SSDs during installation. An electrostatic discharge (ESD) is the release of a charge from metal or plastic surfaces that occurs when a potential difference is formed between the charged object and an oppositely charged conductive object. This electrical discharge can damage silicon chips and computer components if they are exposed to it. An antistatic bag is a packaging material containing anti-ESD shielding or dissipative materials to protect components from ESD damage. An antistatic bag is a packaging material containing anti-ESD shielding or dissipative materials to protect components from ESD damage. An air filter mask is a mask manufactured from polyester sheets that cover your nose and mouth to prevent the dust from being breathed in by a technician. Latex gloves are hand coverings to protect the technician when they are working with toner or other chemicals.*

Answer 14

**d) Amount of memory** *The amount of memory needs to be increased. For the Windows 10 (64-bit) operating system, the minimum requirements are a 1 GHz processor, 2 GB of RAM, and at least 20 GB of hard drive space. For the Windows 11 (64-bit) operating system, the minimum requirements are a dual-core 1 GHz processor, 4 GB of RAM, and at least 64 GB of hard drive space. For the Windows 10 (32-bit) operating system, the minimum requirements are a 1 GHz processor, 1 GB of RAM, and at least 16 GB of hard drive space.*

Answer 15

**c) By matching a MAC address to an IP address within the DHCP scope** *Reason: A DHCP reservation works by binding a specific IP address to a device's MAC (Media Access Control) address. When the device with the specified MAC address requests an IP address from the DHCP server, the server will assign the reserved IP address from the DHCP scope rather than dynamically allocating one. This ensures that the device always receives the same IP address, making it useful for devices that need a static IP, such as printers, servers, or networked appliances. Here’s why the other options are incorrect: a) By assigning options to the computers on the network by priority: This refers more to the configuration of DHCP options (like DNS servers, gateway, etc.), but does not specifically describe how DHCP reservations work. DHCP reservations are about binding IP addresses to MAC addresses, not assigning network options by priority. b) By letting the network switches assign IP addresses from a reserved pool: Network switches do not assign IP addresses; this is the role of the DHCP server. Switches are responsible for forwarding frames based on MAC addresses but do not manage IP address assignment. d) By leasing a set of reserved IP addresses according to their category: While DHCP does lease IP addresses, a reservation specifically ties an IP to a device's MAC address, not to a category. A DHCP lease may be assigned based on categories (like subnets or ranges), but that does not define a reservation. So, matching a MAC address to an IP address within the DHCP scope best describes how DHCP reservation works.*

Answer 16

**c) On-access scans** *On-access scans (also known as real-time scanning or active scanning) provide the best protection for a typical home user because they continuously monitor files and programs as they are accessed, executed, or downloaded. This type of scanning provides immediate detection and prevention of malicious activity before it can cause harm to the system. For a home user, this constant protection is crucial, as it prevents malware from running or spreading as soon as it enters the system. Here’s why the other options are less ideal: a) Weekly scheduled scans: While regular scanning is important, a weekly scan only provides protection at the time it runs. It leaves the system unprotected between scans, which could allow malware to infect the system during that time. b) Safe mode scans: Safe mode scans can be helpful in detecting and removing persistent malware that may be difficult to remove while the operating system is running normally. However, this is not a routine scan option and requires a manual intervention to boot into safe mode, which is not ideal for continuous protection. d) Daily scheduled scans: While daily scans are useful for regular checks, they still do not provide real-time protection. Between scheduled scans, the system could remain vulnerable to threats. Therefore, on-access scans offer the best ongoing protection by actively monitoring and preventing threats as they occur in real time, which is crucial for typical home users.*

Answer 17

**a) grep** *The grep is a command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines that match a regular expression. The grep command works on Unix, Linux, and macOS operating systems. Grep is an acronym that stands for Global Regular Expression Print. The apt-get utility is a powerful package management command-line program that works with Ubuntu’s APT (Advanced Packaging Tool) library to install new software packages, remove existing software packages, upgrade existing software packages, and even upgrade the entire operating system. The apt-get utility works with Ubuntu and Debian-based Linux distributions.*