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Biomedical Physiology > Praise Jesus it's Almost Over! (I Really Should've Tried Harder for This Class) > Flashcards

Praise Jesus it's Almost Over! (I Really Should've Tried Harder for This Class) Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior pituitary is made out of what kind of cells?

A

GLANDULAR epithelial cells

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2
Q

5 types of anterior pituitary cells

A
  1. Somatotrophs
  2. Corticotrophs
  3. Gonadotrophs
  4. Lactotrophs
  5. Thyroidtrophs
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3
Q

Somatotrophs

A

Capable of secreting/being inhibited to secrete GH.

40-50%

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4
Q

Corticotrophs

A

Release ACTH and MSH. 20%

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5
Q

Gonadotrophs

A

Release FSH and LH. 10-15%

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6
Q

Lactotrophs

A

Secrete prolactin. 10-15%

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7
Q

Thyroidtrophs

A

Secrete TSH. 5%.

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8
Q

What produces OT?

A

Paraventricular nucleus (Posterior pituitary)

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9
Q

What produces ADH?

A

Supraoptic nucleus

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10
Q

Hypothalamic neurons release hormones to

A

Ant. pituitary

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11
Q

TRH

A

3 amino acids long

Causes release of TSH

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12
Q

CRH

A

Causes release of MSH and ACTH

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13
Q

GnRH

A

Causes release of FSH and LH

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14
Q

GHRH

A

Causes release of GH

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15
Q

GHIH

A

Inhibits release of GH

SOMATOSTATIN

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16
Q

PIH

A

Prolactin inhibiting hormone
DOPAMINE
(prolactin always being inhibited)

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17
Q

GNIH

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone, MAY NOT EXIST, inhibits LH and FSH

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18
Q

GH target

A

none - affects all areas

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19
Q

Direct action of GH

A

Metabolic;

  1. breaks down lipids, increases plasma fatty acid levels, promotes energy from fat (NOT GLUCOSE)
  2. Carb. metabolism, causes glycogen to be broken down, and increases insulin, DECREASES CELLULAR UPTAKE OF GLUCOSE (promoting fatty acids to be used)
20
Q

Type II diabetes

A

caused by prolonged period of GH carb. metabolism, cells become resistant to insulin

21
Q

GH is ______ to insulin

A

counter-regulatory

22
Q

GH indirect action

A

When bound at the LIVER, secrete IGFs

23
Q

IGFs general effects

A

Collagen, bone, and protein synthesis, cell proliferation and growth

24
Q

IGF1 important in

A

muscle development

25
Q

IGF2 important in

A

bone growth/development

26
Q

2 ways bones are formed

A
  1. Intramembranous

2. Endochondrial

27
Q

Intramembranous growth

A

FLAT/IRREGULAR

Mesenchyme is shaped by OC/OB , form matrix, and form lattices (compact and spongy bone)

28
Q

Endochondrial growth

A

LONG/SHORT

Cartilage template - OC/OB enter, cartilage continues to grow on the ends, but middle becomes hollow

29
Q

Epiphyses

A

Ends of long/short bones, made of spongy bone (the rest is compact)

30
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

Growth plate made of cartilage that allows for growth

31
Q

How to stop growth?

A

The epiphyseal plate becomes all bone (no cartilage

32
Q

4 factors affecting growth

A

diet, genetics, disease, stress

33
Q

Pituitary dwarfism

A

Most common, too little GH or GHRH secretion, SHORT WITH NORMAL PROPORTIONS

34
Q

Laron dwarfism

A

Person cannot make IGF1, damaged receptors in liver, appendages are shorter

35
Q

Pygmies

A

Normal receptors, but low in quantity

36
Q

Gigantism

A

From too much GH, USUALLY HAS DIABETES

37
Q

Agromegly

A

Jaws, hands, feet really big, larger brow region, diabetes usually associated

38
Q

Steroid producing cells

A

adrenocorticoid (adrenal cortex) or gonadal

39
Q

3 layers of adrenal cortex

A 
zona glomérulosa (external)
zona fasiculata
zona reticularis (internal)
40
Q

Zona glomerulosa

A

Makes aldosterone, causes Na reabsorption at distal conboluted tubule, and K to be secreted

41
Q

Zona fasiculata

A

makes cortisol and corticosterone

42
Q

Zona reticularis

A

Makes testosterone, estrogen, progesterone

43
Q

Placenta

A

Makes progesterone -> maintains pregnancy

44
Q

Pregnanelone becomes

A

progesterone or adrenal steroids

45
Q

adrenal steroids reduce cortisol which produces

A

aldosterone

46
Q

progesterone becomes

A

androstenedione

47
Q

Epitestosterone -> ______ -> testosterone

A

Androstenedione

Biomedical Physiology (20 decks)

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