precaution Flashcards
Routes of Transmission (4)
- direct = directly touching
-indirect = contact with fomite (contaminated object)
- droplet = from coughs, sneezing, talks, suctioning
-airborne = smaller particles
Precaution with Airborne:
who? ( 4)
room type?
wash hands?
gloves?
gown?
mask/goggles/shield?
measles , tuberculosis, chicken pox, SARS
negative pressure room with six air changes per hour vent to the outside or HEPA filter.
standard precautions
standard precautions
standard precautions. N 95 mask
- wears a regular mask during transportation
Precaution with Droplet:
who?(8)
room type?
wash hands?
gloves?
gown?
mask/goggles/shield?
Haemophilus influenza, Neisseria meningitides, streptococcus pneumonia , mycoplasma pneumonia, and viral infections ( mumps, nubella and flu)
respiratory isolation / yes private room or with pt with same disease/ door may be open
standard precautions
standard precautions
standard precautions
standard precautions/regular mask
Precaution with Standard:
who?
room type?
wash hands?
gloves?
gown?
mask/goggles/shield?
used with alll pts
private room only if pt is contaminated
at all times
before and after
anytime with body fluids
wear a gown when anticipation with fluids
wear when involved with fluids/ resususctaion mask/bag for CPR
Precaution with Contact:
who?
room type?( door closed yay or nay)
wash hands?
gloves?
gown?
mask/goggles/shield?
congenital rubella, MRSA, staph aures, C Diff, VRE herpes simplex, SARS, NEC Fasitits
- during transport impervious dressing
Contact/Enteric/ Drainage, Secretion/Blood and Body Fluids. Yes private room or with pt with same disease/ door could be open.
standard precautions
at all times
standard precautions
standard precautions
Dishes, cups etccc for all transmission :
Hot water and detergents.
MRSA
- mode of 🚗
- risk factors
- DX
- Tx
-nursing interventions
-control measure
direct and indirect
overuse of antibiotics, immunocomp, extended hospitalization, elderly, newborn, critically ill, debilitating, surgical wounds
culture and sensitivity
wound infection, pneumonia , sputum, iv cath sites, blood
Antibiotics
strict disinfection
contact precautions, cohorting pt surveillance culturing
C. Diff
- mode of 🚗
- risk factors
- DX
- Tx ( what meds 3)
-nursing interventions
-control measure( think about pts rooms if they share etc…)
direct + indirect
overuse of antibiotics, immunocomp, extended hospitalization, elderly, roommate, GI surgery, enemas, NG feeding + drainage. Multiple interventions
stool culture’
diarrhea
D/C antibiotics Give PO antibiotics
- vancomycin
- Flagyl
- Bactrian
-enema
handwashing. keep track of stools ( # n color). position q1-2. adm IVs and clear liquid, diet, no anti-peristaltic
contact precautions with private bathrooms. no linen on floor, no bedpans on bed, over bed tables or furniture
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci
- mode of 🚗
- risk factors
- DX
- Tx
-nursing interventions
-control measure
direct or indirect (not coughing or sneezing)
-overuse of antibiotics, immunocomp, extended hospitalization, debilitating underlying Dx, intra-abdominal surgery , cardio thoracic surgery, IV’s Foley, ICU
culture n sensitivity
organisms found in GI tract and female genital tract
antibiotics
on readmisssin
- recognize
- isloate
private room, 3 neg culture
> 1 weeek apart = ok cohort
Nec. Fascitis(flesh eating)
- mode of 🚗
- risk factors
- DX
- Treatment
-nursing interventions
-control measure
direct
immunocomp, crtcially ill, debilitating - DM
- Obese
-atherosclerosis
-IV drug use
culture and sensitivity
pain out of proportion to wound, foul drainage .Flu like symtoms.2
debridement antibiotics analgesia ampuation
use skin pen q2hr, to mark size of area
contact precautions
Ebola
- mode of 🚗
- risk factors
- DX
- Tx
-nursing interventions
-control measure
direct
contact with infected animals, and humans. burial ceremonies
blood cultures
fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache, sore throat, internal and external bleeding
supportive care
rehydration. Tx of specific symptoms, no proven treatments
contact precautions
Immune 🤺🤺🤺🤺🤺🤺responses serve three functions:
defense, homeostasis, and surveillance.
Artificial Passive Immunity
Protection from infection is achieved when a person receives serum from another person or animal that has already produced antibodies against the pathogen (e.g., serum for treatment of rabies or botulism).
The humoral immune response works
with the cellular immune response (involving T cells) to provide a comprehensive and coordinated defense against a wide range of pathogens.
Together, these responses contribute to the immune system’s ability to recognize, respond to, and remember specific threats, thereby protecting the body from infections.
Epidemiology –
Incidence –
Prevalence -
Epidemic -
Pandemic –
Bioterrorism
study of distribution and determinants of health conditions
health-related issues or problem that occur at a specific time
Prevalence – total number of people who have a specific health-related issue, problem, disease at a given time.
Epidemic – rise or increase of disease or condition in a community or area
Pandemic – epidemic which has geographical spread and affects countries around the world.
he intentional use of micro-organisms to bring about ill effects or death to humans, livestock, or crops
common allegry side effects
hives/rash/sob/ swollen/ gi condition
Culture and sensitivity
specify the organism and which antibiotic will inhibit growth
A tool to determine cause of infection
Analyze results in conjunction with the clinical assessment of the patient
Symptoms: fever, malaise, REED
Lab results: WBCs
Drainage: wounds, feces, saliva, urine, mucus/sputum
Neutropenic Precautions
Restriction of visitors (no sick visitors)
Restriction of items (no fresh flowers, fruit, vegetables)
Benefits patients w/ immunosuppression:
Chemotherapy
Transplants
HIV/AIDS
Restriction of visitors (no sick visitors)
Restriction of items (no fresh flowers, fruit, vegetables)
HAI common ( list the 3* hint 💩 n what mommy always tells me i catch)
CAUTI
CLABSI
SSI
VAP
MDRO
6
Pneumonia, Clostridium difficle,
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection
(central line-associated bloodstream infection),
(surgical site infections)
VENTALIR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA
MDRO causes
6
-Admin ABT for viral infections
-Prescribing unnecessary ABT therapy
-Inappropriate drug regime to tx infection
Not using first line ABT instead using broad-spectrum ABT
Client skipping doses
-Client not taking full duration of therapy
-Client using saved ABT “in case I need it”
MRSA Chain of Infection
(pathogen
reservior
transmisson
entry
exit
host)
Pathogen: Staphylococcus Aureus
Reservoir: colonized or infected patients, healthcare workers, or close contacts
Transmission: direct and indirect
to patient: contact with contaminated/colonized HCW hands or equipment;
to HCW: contact with infected body sites, secretions, equipment, environmental surfaces
Entry: non-intact skin, invasive procedures, surgery
Exit: wound drainage, sputum, blood
Host: elderly; immunocompromised; admitted patients-prolonged stays; prolonged use of antibiotics; exposure to other patients with MRSA
Symptoms-MRSA
hintREEDAAA
Erythema
Fever
Induration (hardness of a skin area)
Elevated WBC
Purulent drainage
Positive culture = diagnosis
Control & Treatment-MRSA
Nurse assignment
Infected:
Colonized: (think of nose)
Handwashing.Health teaching. Contact Precautions-private room or cohort
Gown and gloves (mask if in the lungs)
Dedicated equipment and limited transport
Nurse assignment
Infected: IV Vancomycin
Colonized: Mupirocin to nares
Determined to be CA-MRSA if:
community MRSA
Outpatient setting OR positive MRSA culture WITHIN 48 hours of admission
NO hx permanent VAD(venous access device), foley catheters or other implantable medical devices
No medical history of:
MRSA infection or colonization
No history of hospital, nursing home, hospice, dialysis, or surgery within last year
