predicted paper 1

Question 1

leading questions

Answer 1

• response bias explanation: wording of questions no enduring effect on EWT of event, however influences type of answer given
• wording of a question interferes with eyewitness original memory, distorting its accuracy

Question 2

leading questions study

Answer 2

• loftus and palmer
• 45 students watched car crash video with different verbs in the question, bump, hit, contacted, collided, smashed
• “how fast were the cars going when they hit each other?”
• contacted mean estimated speed was 31.8mph, smashed was 40.5mph
• the leading question, verb, biased eyewitness recall of an event, smashed suggested faster than contacted

Question 3

misleading information (leading questions) evaluations

Answer 3

• artificial materials
  + real life applications, police work
• individual differences