Prep 5 Flashcards by Ailsa Peters

What disease is polymyalgia theumatica linked with

GCA/temporal arteritis

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Obese 32 year old woman tripped on the kerb with eversion of her right foot, displaced fracture of medial malleolus and fracture of the fibula above the level of the tibio-fibular joint

ORIF

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back pain and red eye

anterior uveitis associated with ank spond

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mid dilated pupil and red eye

acute closed angle glaucoma

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violaceous and painful eye

scleritis

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Contact lens wearer has pain and decreased VA

corneal ulcer

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painful red eye and mid dilated pupil

ACAG

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investigation of orbital cellulitis

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painful eye movement

optic neuritis

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HLA B27

Ank spond

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rapd

light swung from unnafected eye to affected eye and pupil appears to dilate (due to lessened constriction)
lesions anterior to the optic chiasm (optic nerve- optic neuritis or retina- retinal detachment)

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painless loss of vision flashes and floaters

retinal detachment

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arcuate scotoma

glaucoma

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side effects of gentamicin

ototoxicity (SN HL)

nephrotoxicity

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differentiating scleritis from episcleritis

phenylephrine test (episcleritis blanches)

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difference between central retinal vein occlusion and central retinal artery occlusion

both cause sudden painless loss of vision
vein occlusion more common (classically in glaucoma, hypertension, diabetes) fundoscopy shows severe retinal haemorrhages (blot and flame) and tortuous vessels
arterial occlusion seen with atherosclerosis or arteritis (GCA) RAPD can be present. Cherry red spot on pale macula

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cherry red spot on macula

central retinal artery occlusion

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chloramphenicol side effect

grey baby syndrome

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dendritic ulcer

acyclovir

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fluoroscein

highlights absarions/scratches on cornea

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causes of central scotoma

ARMD

optic neuritis

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blood in anterior chamber of the eye

hyphaema

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swimmers ear

otitis externa

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kidneys key functions

fluid balance and homeostasis

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what is oligouria

<0.5ml/kg/hr

why is metabolic acidosis associated with hyperkalameia

K competes with H for exchange with Na ions in distal tubule

white spots on soft palate and ear pain

ramsey hunt

Man treated with antibiotics for presumed pneumonia, smoker, returns 6 weeks later still hoarse

refer to ent

Surfers ear

Exostosis

HL after getting of plane

barotrauma

nose sign from chronic rubbing

single crease

allergic rhinitis treatment

intranasal azelastine oral loratidine, certrizine intranasal beclamethasone short term nasal deongestants: ipratropium, oxymetazoline

delayed puberty and no sense of smell

kallmans syndrome

where does reactivation of VZV occur in ramsey hunt

geniculate ganglion of CN7

organism causing otitis externa in divers

asperigilus

drug to be cautious in tonsilitis and lymphadenopathy

amoxicillin (risk of it being EBV and 99% get maculopapular drug eruption)

Complication of GAS

rheumatic fever

Why can hearing be affected with facial nerve palsy

CNVII innervates the stapedius muscle that helps dampen down loud noises

elderly thin clear discharge

vasomotor rhinitis

perennial rhinitis

allergic rhinits throughout the year (not seasonal)

notching at 4000hz frequency

noise induced SNHL

nerve supply contracting the detrusor/bladder

parasympathetic

what do leydig cells produce

testosterone

what BPH treatment can cause gynaecomastia

finasteride (5-alpha reductase inhibitor)

bag of worms in scrotum

varicocele (varicose veins/enlargment of the pampiniform plexus in men affected testi may be smaller can be a sign of renal cancer and bilateral can affect fertiility)

Sore testes in a 12-year-old boy, What is the diagnosis until proven otherwise

testicular torsion

where do sperm gain motility

epididymus

ACEI are protective to the kidney in what?

diabetes

inheritance of PCKD

What is used if catheterisation isnt possible in urinary retention

suprapubic catheter

definition of AKI

rise in serum creatinine >26mcmole in 48 hours or increase by >50% or reduced urine output to <0.5ml/kg/hr for more than 6 hours

antiglomerular BM ABs

goodpastures (presents as nephritic - haematuria, or haemoptysis as affects lungs)

IVDU found collapsed at home

rhabdomyolysis

proteinuria with a hx of recurrent UTI

reflux nephropathy

first line investigation in pregnant woman with suspected UTI

MSSU for culture and sensitivity

where do loop diuretics act

thick limb of loop of henle on Na+/K+/2cl co-transporter

where do thiazide diuretics work

DCT | na/cl co-transporter

renal investigation in pyelonephritis

urinalysis

what are the main types of secondary rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis

goodpastures (GBM ABs) Wegners/GPA (cANCA) Churchstraus (pANCA)

Proteinuria and hypertension

ACEi (reduce angiotensin 2 which causes efferent arteriole vasoconstriction thus reduce pressure in glowmerulus and reduces it squeezing out of protein)

CKD satge 3

eGFR 30-60

investiagtion in hydrocele

USS

first line treatment for BPH

alpha 1 antagonists (tamulosin)

Nerve supply to thigh

anterior - femoral medial - obturator posterior - sciatic

nerve supply to lower leg compartments

anterior - deep perineal lateral - superficial perineal posterior - tibial

mechanism of action of clomiphine

anti-oestrogen (inhibits oestrogen receptors in the hypothalumus inhibiting the negative feedback causing GnRH release, helps induce ovulation.

LH:FSH ratio >2:1 is indicitive of

PCOS

commonest organisms causing uti in women

coliforms

hormone secreted by the corpus luteum

progesterone

PE in pregnancy

LMWH

Invasive prenatal testin

<15 weeks CVS | >15 weeks amniocentesis

Who performs amniocentesis

obsetrician

who performs any labour other than vaginal delivery

obstetricians

LH stimulates what in men

testosterone production

Who does uterine artery embolisation

radiologist

Vaginal bleeding, no pain. Non-tender uterus but lie and presentation may be abnormal

placenta previa (avoid vaginal examine in primary care)

common locations for endometriosis

uterosacral ligament | pouch of douglas

CI of COCP

migraine with aura smoker >35 BMI >35

bowel screen

50-74 faecal sample

2cm breast lump no mets treatment

WLE

lump in the scrotum that cant get above

inguinal hernias

what cancers classically have triosiers sign (palpable virchows node in left supraclavicular space)?

testicular, ovarian, gastric, kidney

what drug given in varices

terlipressin (synthetic adh maintains bp)

staph aureus incubation

short 1-6 hours (toxin producing)

Commonest cause of diarhoea in children under 3

rotavirus

maloderous diarhorea

giardia lamblia

GI disorders ass with downs syndrome

duodenal atresia | hirchsprungs disease

Prep 5 Flashcards

(87 cards)