Prep 8

Question 1

falls when shaving face

Answer 1

carotid sinus syndrome

Question 2

ECG changes in COPD

Answer 2

Right axis deviation, RVH (hyperexpanded lungs, pulmonary hypertension stress on right side of the heart)
porminent p waves and low voltage QRS

Question 3

aortic dissection ix

Answer 3

CT

Question 4

ECG changes in autonomic neuropathy

Answer 4

loss of sinus arrythmia (no decrease in hr after taking a deep breath)

Question 5

ECG changes in hypothermia

Answer 5

J waves

Question 6

ECG changes in hypocalcemia

Answer 6

U waves

Question 7

Side effect of CCbs

Answer 7

ankle odema

Question 8

SEs of thiazide diuretics

Answer 8

gout (DCT block Na+-Cl−)

Question 9

doxazosin

Answer 9

alpha 1 blocker

Question 10

ACEI se and CI

Answer 10

dry cough, renal artery stenosis

Question 11

Statin Se

Answer 11

muscle weakness and raise CK

Question 12

BB SE

Answer 12

cold hands and feet

Question 13

amphetamines SE

Answer 13

arrythmiass

Question 14

On 3 antihypertensives and keeps fainting

Answer 14

iatrogenic

Question 15

CO

Answer 15

SV x HR

Question 16

chest lead at apex

Answer 16

V4

Question 17

Defibrillation

Answer 17

VF or pulseless VT (immediately if witnessed cardiac arrest or after 2 mins of CPR is unwitnessed out of hospital)

Question 18

Parasympa outflow

Answer 18

3, 7, 9, 10

Question 19

rib notching on CXR

Answer 19

coarcation of aorta

Question 20

collapsing pulse

Answer 20

aortic regurge

Question 21

machine like murmer

Answer 21

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 22

slow rising pulse

Answer 22

aortic stenosis

Question 23

cresendo decresondo murmur

Answer 23

aortic stenosis

Question 24

haemosideran staining

Answer 24

brown oatcthes in lower legs associated with venous stasis

Question 25

marjolins ulcer

Answer 25

agressive ulcerating SCC

Question 26

ABPI >1.2

Answer 26

calcified stiff arteries | calculate toe brachial index

Question 27

ABPI <0.8

Answer 27

``` arterial disease (PAD) if <0/4 refer immediately for vascular opinion ```

Question 28

cyclizine mechanism

Answer 28

antihistamine (antiemetic)

Question 29

odansatron

Answer 29

5ht3 antagonist (antiemetic)

Question 30

prochlorprazine, metoclopramide

Answer 30

antidopaminergic (antiemetic)

Question 31

Hyoscine

Answer 31

anticholinergic (antiemetic)

Question 32

ABGs in chronic antacid use

Answer 32

metablic alkalosis

Question 33

ABGs in DKA

Answer 33

metabolic acidosis

Question 34

BE value in metabolic

Answer 34

NEGATIVE

Question 35

ABGs in hyperventilation

Answer 35

respiratory alkalosis

Question 36

ABGs in meningococcal septicemia

Answer 36

Mixed resp and metabolic acidosis

Question 37

ABGs in COPD exacerbation

Answer 37

respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation

Question 38

ABGs in vomitting

Answer 38

metabolic alkalosis

Question 39

gum hyperpigmentation

Answer 39

synacthen test (addisons)

Question 40

easy bruiding and puffy face

Answer 40

overnight dexamethasone test (cushings)

Question 41

sweating, palpiations

Answer 41

urinary chatecholamines (phaochromocytoma)

Question 42

woman collapses high potassium low sodium glucose 3.1 daughter says she has not taken medication

Answer 42

addisonian crisis (lack of aldosterone decreases Na reabsorption)

Question 43

Diabetic drug causing hypos

Answer 43

SUs (glicazide)

Question 44

Diabetic drug causing weight gain

Answer 44

SUs (glicazide)

Question 45

Diabetic drug causing fluid retention

Answer 45

glitazones

Question 46

swimming in lake malawi now haematuria

Answer 46

schistosomasis

Question 47

back from kenya with fever

Answer 47

malaria

Question 48

white raised patches on back of throat back from africa

Answer 48

HIV

Question 49

legionella test

Answer 49

urine antigen

Question 50

gardiella test

Answer 50

stool microscopy

Question 51

viral hepatitis test

Answer 51

blood serology

Question 52

rhythm control in AF

Answer 52

HF, first onset AF, reversible cause amioderone if structural heart disease flecainide without structural heart diseae (if >48 hour symtpoms anticoagulate for 3 weeks) electrical cardioversion if unstable (anticoagulate for 4 weeks after)

Question 53

lab findings in osteomalacia/rickets

Answer 53

``` low vit D low Ca low phostphate high PTH (released when low Ca, trying to restore Ca- secondary hyperparathyroidism) high ALP (osteoblast activity increased) ```

Question 54

lab findings in hyperparathyroidism

Answer 54

``` high PTH (bengign adenoma, hyperplasia or malignancy of parathyroid galnad increasing pth production) high Ca (PTH increases Ca levels in the blood) Phosphate normal or low ```

Question 55

what happens in tertiary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 55

in chronic secondary hyperparathyroidism tissue hyperplases.When the biocemical causing original problem is corrected the parathyrpid gland still produces lots ofPTH

Question 56

lab findings in osteoporosis

Answer 56

normal (quantative issue not qulatative)

Question 57

lab findings in pagets

Answer 57

ca, phosphate and PTH normal ALP high (FH, old, bone pain)

Question 58

lab findings in bone mets

Answer 58

high Ca low PTH high ALP