Principles of Flight Pt. 2

Question 1

This is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis, fulcrum, or pivot

Answer 1

Moment or Torque

Question 2

The inherent quality of an aircraft to correct for conditions that may disturb its equilibrium, and to return to or to continue on the original flight path

Answer 2

Stability

Question 3

The quality of an aircraft that permits it to be maneuvered easily and to withstand the stresses imposed by maneuvers

Answer 3

Maneuverability

Question 4

This is the capability of an aircraft to respond to the pilot’s control, especially with regard to flight plan and altitude.

Answer 4

Controllability

Question 5

What are the three axes of an aircraft

Answer 5

Yaw, Roll, Pitch

Question 6

This is the movement around the vertical axis

Answer 6

Yaw

Question 7

This is the movement around the Longitudinal axis

Answer 7

Roll

Question 8

This is the movement around the Lateral Axis

Answer 8

Pitch

Question 9

This is the maneuver of when the airplane is about to land and the nose of the airplane is pointed upwards

Answer 9

Flare

Question 10

This is the stability around/ about Longitudinal axis

Answer 10

Lateral Stability

Question 11

This is the angle at which the wings are slanted upward from the root of the tip

Answer 11

Dihedral

Question 12

This is the stability around/about Vertical Axis

Answer 12

Directional Stability

Question 12

What are the two factors affecting directional stability?

Answer 12

Keel Effect and Sweepback

Question 13

At low airspeeds, the controls usually feel ________ and _______________, and the aircraft responds ___________ to control applications

Answer 13

slow and sluggish, slowly

Question 14

At higher airspeeds, the controls become ___________________ and aircraft response is more _________

Answer 14

increasingly firm, rapid

Question 15

What are some of the secondary flight controls?

Answer 15

Wing flaps, leading edge devices, spoilers, and trim systems

Question 16

This is caused by higher drag on the outside wing, which is producing more lift - when you turn, your nose is gonna face the opposite direction

Answer 16

Adverse Yaw

Question 17

Explain what happens during adverse yaw

Answer 17

This is caused by higher drag on the outside wing, which is producing more lift - when you turn, your nose is gonna face the opposite direction

Question 18

How do you counteract adverse yaw?

Answer 18

Apply rudder

Question 19

Why is the aileron located outside of the wing?

Answer 19

Wing washout. See notes for explanation

Question 20

Explain what is differential aileron

Answer 20

Whichever direction you put the yoke to, that should also be the direction of where the aileron is facing

Question 21

This is the primary control for changing the pitch attitude of an airplane

Answer 21

Elevator

Question 22

This is used to relieve the pilot of the need to maintain constant pressure on the flight controls

Answer 22

Elevator Trim

Question 23

Where is the rudder located in the airplane?

Answer 23

At the vertical stabilizer

Question 24

This pertains to the aircraft gaining altitude

Answer 24

Climb

Question 25

This gives the greatest altitude gain in shortest horizontal distance

Answer 25

Best angle of climb (Vx)

Question 26

This gives the greatest altitude gain in shortest time

Answer 26

Best rate of climb (Vy)

Question 27

This pertains to the maximum ceiling or height at which an aircraft can sustain a specified rate of climb

Answer 27

Service Ceiling

Question 28

This pertains to the highest altitude that an aircraft can maintain level flight without being affected by the pressure between the outside pressure and the in-cabin pressure

Answer 28

Absolute Ceiling

Question 29

Explain what happens to weight during descent

Answer 29

Descents

Question 30

Forward motion is maintained by gravity pulling the airplane along an inclined path and the descent rate is controlled by the pilot balancing the forces of ____________ and _______

Answer 30

Gravity and Lift

Question 31

Explain what is vertical component of lift, horizontal component of lift, and centrifugal force

Answer 31

While on a straight and level flight, the vertical component of lift is pointed up, when you roll, the horizontal component of lift takes place because you turn to the left or right. When you turn right, your body wants to go to the left and vice versa.

Question 32

This pertains to when you bank or roll to the right, the nose of the airplane will turn with you meaning the ball is on the middle

Answer 32

Normal Turn

Question 33

This is when you roll to the right, your nose will turn to the left so you have to step on the right rudder to make the nose of the airplane turn with your tail or to make a coordinated turn

Answer 33

Slipping turn

Question 34

This is when you turn or roll to the right, the nose goes first than you, so when the ball is on the left, you have to step on the left rudder

Answer 34

Skidding turn

Question 35

Name the four left-turning tendencies

Answer 35

1. Torque Reaction
2. Gyroscopic Precession
3. Corkscrew Effect
4. Asymmetric Loading (P-factor)

Question 36

Explain what is a torque reaction

Answer 36

This happens because your propeller is turning clockwise then as a result, the body of your aircraft wants to turn to the left

Question 37

Explain what is the corkscrew effect

Answer 37

The high-speed rotation of an aircraft propeller gives a corkscrew or spiraling rotation to the slipstream

Question 38

Explain what is the gyroscopic precession

Answer 38

When a force is applied, the resulting forces takes effect 90 degrees ahead of and in the direction of the rotation

Question 39

Explain what is the asymmetric loading (P-factor)

Answer 39

When an aircraft is flying with a high AOA, the “bite” of the downward moving blade is greater than the “bite” of the upward moving blade

Question 40

This may be defined as an aggravated stall that results in what is termed “autorotation” wherein the airplane follows a downward corkscrew path

Answer 40

Spins

Question 41

What is P-A-R-E and explain it’s spin recovery process

Answer 41

P - Power idle (throttle)
A - Ailerons neutral
R - Rudder Opposite
E - Elevators up (you push down first and then up)