principles of immunization

Question 1

why is immunization important

Answer 1

prevent the spread of infection

Question 2

objective of immunization

Answer 2

prevent disease by preparing the immune system

Question 3

3 biggest killers without vaccines

Answer 3

1. TB
2. HIV
3. malaria

Question 4

4 key immunization pronciples

Answer 4

1. max. immunogenicity
2. induce most approriate type of response
3. induce effective memory
4. reduce risk

Question 5

4 current vaccine designs

Answer 5

1. inactivated materials
2. live attenuated organisms
3. conjugate subunit vaccines - protein attachments
4. proteins generated by recombinant DNA

Question 6

what is evidence for SIDS and vaccines

Answer 6

temporal cause, nothing to do with the vaccine itself

Question 7

what is done after vaccine released

Answer 7

post-marketing surveillance

Question 8

when should immunization begin

Answer 8

when young and immune system immature

Question 9

where is critical immune period in child

Answer 9

after stop getting ABs from MOm, but haven’t produced enough of own

Question 10

2 main types of vaccine for meningococcal

Answer 10

1. conjugate - aatched to protein

2. polysaccaride - only good for >2 yrs because otherwsie can’t bind

Question 11

what are different pneumococcal vaccines

Answer 11

conjugate - 7, or 11, or 13 - to get new serotypes

Question 12

why give VZV vaccine

Answer 12

tends to have complications, especially if get it when older

Question 13

what does HPV vaccine prevent

Answer 13

6.11.16.18

Question 14

what does HPV prevent

Answer 14

100% prevention of precancerous cerivcal dysplasia

Question 15

3 reasons surveillance is important

Answer 15

1. early ID of outbreask
2. ID new diseases
3. document changes of new viruses

Question 16

what defines flu drift and shifts

Answer 16

drifts - minor changes in amino acids

shifts - major changes to H and N antigens

Question 17

what are 3 major flu types and where do most changes occur

Answer 17

ABC - most in A

Question 18

what is reservoir for flu

Answer 18

pigs and birds

Question 19

how is flu vaccine developed

Answer 19

predict most common flu for the year and develop in embyonated chicken eggs

Question 20

what is mech of damage in pertussis (4)

Answer 20

1. attachment (finbriae, pertactin)
2. evasion of host defences
3. local damage
4. systemic manifestations - pertussis toxin

Question 21

what was original pertussis vaccine and problem

Answer 21

whole cell - more local reactions

Question 22

what is new pertussis vaccine

Answer 22

acellular - made of 5 components

- less reactogenic and does not contian LPS endotoxin

Question 23

4 factors that have contributed to pertussis resurgence

Answer 23

1. no immunity is lifelong
2. increased awareness and testing - find more cases
3. more sensitive tests introduced - more cases
4. bacterial evolution over time

Question 24

what is new pertussis preventions strategy

Answer 24

Tdap and in healthcare workers give every 2 years

Question 25

2 strategies to help infants that can't bevaccinated against pertussis

Answer 25

1. cocoon strategy | 2. vaccinate pregnant women