Problem areas boards

Question 1

Addisons disease

Answer 1

Decreased adrenocortical function

Hyperpigmentation, hypoglycemia, anemia, decreased sodium, bp, and potassium

Question 2

Cushings disease

Answer 2

Excessive exposure to corticosteroids

Hyperglycemia, polycythemia, protein wasting, moon faces, buffalo hump etc.

Question 3

Phosphate vs Acetate Corticosteroids

Answer 3

Phosphate - Short acting, clear, water soluble

Acetate - Long acting, white, insoluble
Should be reserved for damaged joints only.

Question 4

Age that marcaine is restricted in children?

Answer 4

Restricted in children under the age of 12

Question 5

Induction agents known to cause malignant hyperthermia?

Answer 5

Isoflurane, Desflurane, succinylcholine, sevoflurane

Question 6

Use of Rocuronium and Succynylcholine in anesthesia?

Answer 6

Both are muscle relaxants!

Question 7

Shape of vertical talus bottom of foot?

Answer 7

Rocker bottom!

Forefoot is abducted and there is dorsiflexion of the forefoot on the rearfoot

Question 8

What muscle groups are tight for vertical talus?

Answer 8

Tendo achilles and anterior muscle group
Talar movement is imposible
Calcaneal equinus

Question 9

What structures are tightened in vertical talus deformities?

Answer 9

Tibionavicular ligament 
Talonavicular ligament 
Anterior muscle group
Peroneus brevis/longus 
Triceps surae
Calcaneofibular ligament
Posterior ankle and subtalar capsule

Question 10

What structures are stretched with vertical talus?

Answer 10

Spring ligament

Tibialis posterior, FDL, FDB

Question 11

This congenital deformity has a hypoplastic talaer neck that develops an abnormal facet

Answer 11

Vertical talus

Subtalar facets are abnormal because of the weird talocalcaneal articulation.

Anterior facet doesnt exist, middle facet is hypoplastic, and the posterior facet is malformed.

Question 12

Eyre Brook test

Answer 12

Lateral plantarflexion in vertical talus to determine how reducible a procedure is.

Question 13

Casting position for vertical talus?

Answer 13

foot plantarflexed
heel inverted
Forefoot in adduction
Knee flexed at 90

Key is lining up the TN joint

If correction occurs correctly, patient will have an equinovarus deformity.

Question 14

First bone to ossify before birth?

Answer 14

Calcaneus

Question 15

Last bone to ossify before birth

Answer 15

Cuboid

Question 16

Last tarsal bone to ossify after birth

Answer 16

Navicular at 3.5 years

Question 17

What age does the calcaneal apophysis appear?

Answer 17

7 years

Question 18

What age do the sesamoids appear?

Answer 18

12 years

Question 19

Age for osgood schlatters disease?

Answer 19

11-15 years of age

Question 20

Kohlers disease

Answer 20

Boys in ages 3-6 years

Question 21

Tillaux fracture vs Triplane fracture

Answer 21

Tillaux is lateral 1/2 of tib epiphysis. AITFL avulsion

Triplane is a combination of SH II and III with second fracture line through the epiphysis

Question 22

Salter harris 6

Answer 22

bruising of peripheral growth plate by blunt trauma

Question 23

What is the INR range that is acceptable for elective surgery?

Answer 23

1.3 - 1.4!!