prokaryotes Flashcards

0
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Oxygenic: produces O2
Anoxygenic: produces sulfur

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1
Q

Prokaryotic features

A
Unicellular
Small
No nuclei
Double stranded DNA found in nucleoid
No internal compartmentalization 
Simple flagella
Reproduce via binary fission
All gene transfer is horizontal
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2
Q

Classification of species

A
Photosynthetic?
Motile?
Unicellular or filamentous?
Binary fission or spores?
Human pathogen?
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3
Q

Horizontal gene transfer

A

Conjugation: cell to cell contact
Transduction: by bacteriophages
Transformation: from environment

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4
Q

Conjugation

A

Presence of f+ plasmid
Has pilus that reaches out to F-
F plasmid can integrate into chromosome and then is replicated with each division
Inaccurate transfer= F’ partial diploid

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5
Q

Transduction

A

Generalized: occurs via accidents in lytic cycle
Viruses package DNA and carry it

Specialized: accidents in the lysogenic cycle
Imprecise excision of prophage DNA

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6
Q

Lytic cycle

A

Phage attaches to cell
Shoots in viral DNA
destroys host
Packages up leftover DNA to crate 200 more phases

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7
Q

Lysogenic

A

Phage adopts some of cells DNA

Attaches to host cell

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8
Q

Transformation

A

Natural: DNA released when cell does and others pick it up

Artificial: done in the lab for gene transfer

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9
Q

Mutation

A

Arise due to environment
Spread rapidly
Make it difficult to fight something that’s constantly changing

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10
Q

Beneficial prokaryotes

A

Decomposers
Photosynthisizers
Nitrogen fixers
Bio factories

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11
Q

Prokaryote metabolism

A

Autotrophs
Heterotrophic
Chemolithotroph
Phototroph

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