Protein 1

Question 1

1. Recognize the 20 amino acids and list several examples of post‐translational modifications.

Answer 1

Lysine and proline- involved in collagen structure

Question 2

2. Describe scurvy.

Answer 2

Vit C is important hydroxyl donor for proline, without it you get scurvy. lose teeth, anameia, bleeding gums, brusing, pale skin, sunken eyes

anemia- reduced vascular endothelium–> hemmorhage–> loss of rbcs

Question 3

3. Describe the use of the cofactors Vitamin‐C, Vitamin‐K, and Vitamin‐B6 (PLP).

Answer 3

Vitamin C- cofactor for hydroxylation of proline

Vitamin K is a cofactor for 2,7,9,10, it gamma hydroxyltes Glu–>Gla

Vitamin B6- is a cofactor for chnaging homocysteine into Cysteine

Question 4

4. Describe cellular aspects of protein degradation and proteases involved in protein degradation.

Answer 4

Proteosome- through ubiquination (7 Lys residues)

• ATP dependent pathway
  1. put Ub on E1-SH
  2. tranfer Ub to E2
  3. E3 helps E2 put Ub on substrate

Lysosome degradation

Question 5

5. Describe the general goal of the UREA CYCLE (i.e., removal of nitrogen).

Answer 5

get rid of amine by transfering it eventually to urea

Question 6

what are the ketogenic aa’s

Answer 6

leucine Lysine

Question 7

what amino acids are both glucogenic and ketogenic

Answer 7

tyrosine, Isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan

Question 8

what are aminotransferases

Answer 8

do transamination reactions

enzymes that either add or remove an amine from an alpha keto acid or an amino acid

they are elevated in liver diease.