Protein Synthesis Flashcards
TRIPLE (21 cards)
What is a gene?
A gene is a particular sequence of bases that codes for a specific protein.
What is the structure of DNA?
DNA is double-stranded with sugar deoxyribose and bases Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine.
What is the structure of RNA?
RNA is single-stranded with sugar ribose and bases Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine.
What is a nucleotide composed of?
A nucleotide is made up of a sugar, phosphate, and a base.
What forms the backbone of a nucleotide?
The backbone is formed by the sugar and phosphate.
What happens during transcription?
What role does RNA polymerase play in transcription?
RNA polymerase binds to the DNA and assembles a complementary strand of mRNA using free RNA nucleotides.
What does mRNA stand for and what does it contain?
mRNA stands for messenger RNA and contains codons (triplets of bases) that code for specific amino acids.
Where does mRNA go after it is formed?
mRNA leaves the nucleus via a nuclear pore and moves to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Where does transcription occur?
In the nucleus
Where does translation occur?
In ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What is the purpose of transcription?
To produce mRNA from a DNA template
What is the purpose of translation?
To use mRNA to form a polypeptide chain
What molecules are involved in transcription?
DNA, RNA, and free RNA nucleotides
What molecules are involved in translation?
mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes
In transcription, how do RNA nucleotides pair with DNA?
By pairing with complementary DNA bases
In translation, how do tRNA anticodons pair with mRNA?
By pairing with mRNA codons
What is the end product of transcription?
mRNA
What is the end product of translation?
A polypeptide chain that folds into a protein
What process facilitates the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids?
Translation
What happens during translation?
