Protein Synthesis

Question 1

what is the order of nucleotides that makes posible the double helix?

Answer 1

5’ to 3’ and 3’ to 5’

Question 2

mention 3 examples of groups where we can see phosphates?

Answer 2

DNA, RNA, ATP

Question 3

what is the synonym for the nucleotide, 5 carbon sugar molecule?

Answer 3

pentose

Question 4

the two types of pentoses are?

Answer 4

Ribose & Deoxyribose

Question 5

ribose corresponds to what molecule?

Answer 5

RNA

Question 6

Deoxyribose corresponds to what molecule?

Answer 6

DNA

Question 7

what´s the difference between the pentoses?

Answer 7

the chemical group found in the carbon 2’

Question 8

deoxy- means?

Answer 8

lost oxygen

Question 9

the purine bases are…?

Answer 9

A, G

Question 10

th pyramidines bases are…?

Answer 10

T, U, C

Question 11

What´s trash DNA?

Answer 11

sequences of nucleotides (looking like genes) that don´t codify a structure. it´s tought its function is only structural.

Question 12

RNA is double sided?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

In RNA, Thymine is replaced by…?

Answer 13

Uracile

Question 14

in RNA, Deoxyribose is replaced by…?

Answer 14

ribose

Question 15

What´s a protein?

Answer 15

a huge molecule formed by many aminoacids

Question 16

how many different aminoacids are there?

Answer 16

20

Question 17

mention the 4 aminoacids characteristics

Answer 17

no-polar
polar without charge
polar with positive charge
polar with negative charge

Question 18

TN. what is TraNscription?

Answer 18

the copy of a gene or DNA segment to RNA, further used to synthetize an specific protein

Question 19

TN. DNA has to be, first of all…

Answer 19

uncoiled

Question 20

TN. which is the enzyme in main action?

Answer 20

the RNA polymerase

Question 21

TN. explain the transcription

Answer 21

the RNA polymerase comes to the DNA and uncoils it. the RNA enters the DNA and replace DNA bases with RNA bases

Question 22

TN. mRNA is the product of…

Answer 22

transcription

Question 23

TN. mRNA is capable of exiting the…

Answer 23

nucleus

Question 24

TN. which is the travel of mRNA in transcription.

Answer 24

it exits the nucleus, through the pores of the nuclear membrane. it attaches itself to the membranes of the rough ER.

Question 25

TN does transcription needs a primer to start?

Answer 25

no

Question 26

TN. three bases form a…

Answer 26

triplete

Question 27

TN. mRNA codons code for an specific…

Answer 27

aminoacid

Question 28

TL. what does TransLation do?

Answer 28

takes the message contained in mRNA and decode it from NUCLEIC ACIDE language to PROTEIN, POLYPEPTIDE language.

Question 29

TL. what is translation?

Answer 29

is the synthetis of a protein from a mRNA template.

Question 30

TL. what elements does translation needs?

Answer 30

mRNA
Ribosomes (small and large subunits)
tRNA
release factor

Question 31

TL. name the three steps of translation?

Answer 31

initiation
elongation
termination

Question 32

TL. what happens in initiation?

Answer 32

the small subunit attaches to the cap and moves to the start codon (initiation site). there, tRNA, which has an aminoacid in one end, and an anti-codon in the other, with both subunits together, attaches the anticodon to the codon.

Question 33

TL. what happens in elongation?

Answer 33

another tRNA attaches to a second codon. the aminoacid of the second tRNA joins the aminoacid of the first one. and it goes on until you have a chain aminoacids.

Question 34

TL. what happens in termination?

Answer 34

when the stop codon comes, a release factor attaches to the mRNA and liberates all the enzymes. the new protein is formed.

Question 35

TL. say the sequence of 4 aminoacids together (example of the presentation)

Answer 35

MET+SER+GLY+THR