Proteins pt1 Flashcards
What is the proteome?
The entire set of proteins expressed by a genome
Why is the proteome larger than the number of genes?
Because more than one protein can be produced from a single gene as a result of alternative RNA splicing
Not all genes are expressed as
proteins in a particular cell type
The set of proteins expressed by a given cell type can
vary over time and under different conditions
Genes that do not code for proteins are called
non-coding RNA genes
Examples of non-coding RNA genes
tRNA, rRNA, and RNA molecules that control the expression of other genes
Name factors that can affect the set of proteins expressed by a given cell type
The metabolic activity of the cell, cellular stress, the response to signalling molecules, diseased versus healthy cells
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms a network of
membrane tubules continuous with the nuclear membrane
Eukaryotic cells have a system of internal membranes which
increase the total area of membrane
What is the golgi apparatus?
a series of flattened membrane discs
What are lysosomes?
membrane-bound organelles containing a variety of hydrolases that digest proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and carbohydrates.
What do vesicles do?
transport materials between membrane compartments
What is synthesised in the ER?
synthesis of membrane components
lipids and proteins
Lipids are synthesised in the SER and
synthesis of membrane components
inserted into its membrane
The synthesis of all proteins begins in
synthesis of membrane components
the cytosolic ribosomes
