Prototype Drug Unit 3 & 4- Tramadol Flashcards

1
Q

therapeutic classification

A

Analgesic

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2
Q

Pharmacologic classification

A

Mixed opioid-nonopioid analgesic

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3
Q

Therapeutic effects and uses

A

Used for short-term relief of acute pain and moderate to moderately severe chronic pain.

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4
Q

Mechanism of action

A

The drug and one of its metabolites bind to the opioid mu receptor. It also inhibits norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake in spinal neurons

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5
Q

Routes

A

PO

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6
Q

Absorption

A

75% absorbed

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7
Q

Distribution

A

Widely distributed; crosses the placenta; small amounts secreted in breast milk; 20% bound to protein

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8
Q

Primary metabolism

A

Hepatic

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9
Q

Primary excretion

A

Renal

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10
Q

Adverse effects

A

Vertigo, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and lethargy

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11
Q

Contraindication/precautions

A

Contraindications: hypersensitivity, people with a history of depression or suicidal ideation, lactation, and pregnancy

Precautions: patients allergic to codeine and other opioid agonists because cross-hypersensitivity has been reported. People with a history of substance abuse. COPD, Renal or hepatic impairment. People with history of seizures

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12
Q

Drug interactions

A

carbamazepine or certain antidepressants inrease risk of seizures and additive CNS depressant effects. Enthanol and tramadol= death. MAOIs can cause seizures or serotonin syndrome.

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13
Q

Herbal/food interactions

A

Food effects absorption significantly. St. John’s wort is contraindicated. Valerian and Kava cause additive CNS depressant effects.

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14
Q

Pregnancy Category

A

C

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15
Q

Treatment of Overdose

A

Administration of naloxone will reduce some but not all of the effects that tramadol overdose will cause.

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