Protozoa-1 Flashcards Preview

Parasitology > Protozoa-1 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Protozoa-1 Deck (21)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Phylum: Sarcomastigophora

A

locomotion by pseudopodia and/or flagella

2
Q

Phylum: Apicomplexa

A
  • Apical complex
  • Locomotion by gliding
  • Life cycle largely intracellular
  • Sexual and asexual phases occur
3
Q

Phylum: Ciliophora

A

locomotion by cilia

4
Q

Order: Kinetoplastorida

A
  • Phylum: Sarcomastigophora
  • Haemoflagellates
  • Parasites of the blood
  • Generally transmitted by biting insects
5
Q

Order: Diplomonadorida/Trichomonadorida

A
  • Phylum: Sarcomastigophora
  • Flagellates
  • Predominantly of the intestines
6
Q

Order: Eucoccidiorida

A
  • Phylum: Apicomplexa
  • Parasites of epithelial cells
  • Sexual and asexual reproduction occurs in epithelial cells
7
Q

Order: Piroplasmorida

A
  • Phylum: Apicomplexa
  • Parasites of blood cells
  • Ticks as vectors
  • Sexual reproduction takes place in ticks
8
Q

Order: Haemosporida

A
  • Phylum: Apicomplexa
  • Parasites of blood cells
  • Biting insects as vectors
  • Sexual reproduction takes place in insects
9
Q

Order: Vestibuliferida

A
  • Phylum: Ciliophora
  • Ciliates
  • Predominantly of the intestine
10
Q

Balantidium coli

O, H, ID, LC, S, PL, D, TP

A

Order: Vestibuliferida
Hosts: pigs, rodents, primates, humans
ID: trophozoites covered in cilia with kidney-shaped nucleus, and cysts without cilia
LC: cysts passed in feces and ingested, asexual repro in large intestine
Site: large intestine
PL: enteritis and dysentery in pigs and humans, ulceration in humans
D: cysts seen
TP: Tetracyclines

11
Q
Giardia intestinalis
(O, H, ID, LC, S, PL, D, TP)
A

O: Diplo/Trichomonadorida
Hosts: dogs, cats, cattle, humans (A/B)
ID: cysts - 12um, ovoid, 4 nuclei, trophozoites - 21um, teardrop, 2 nuclei, 8 flagella
LC: trophozoites in small intestine, repro asexually, cysts passed in feces
Site: small intestine
PL: duodenal ulcerations, malabsorption, acute focal inflammation, diarrhea
D: fecal smear, flotation, ELISA
TP: none for dogs/cats, Benzimidazole for cattle

12
Q

Spironucleus spp.

O, H, ID, LC, S, PL, D

A

O: Diplo/Trichomonadorida
Hosts: domestic and wild fowl (not chickens)
ID: 2 nuclei, flagella
LC: trophozoites in large intestine, repro asexually, cysts passed in feces, many birds are carriers
Site: large intestine
PL: listlessness, watery/foamy diarrhea, rapid weight loss, affects young birds
D: history, signs, ID in intestine

13
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus

O, H, ID, LC, S, PL, D, TP

A

O: Diplo/Trichomonadorida
Hosts: cattle
ID: 3 ant 1 post flagella, undulating membrane, axostyle
LC: transmitted by coitus
Sites: uterus, cervix, vagina, and prepuce of bull
PL: discharge in bull, endometritis in cow, early abortion
D: PCR, culture, three consecutive tests for bulls
TP: none, prevention, reportable

14
Q

Feline tritrichomonas

O, Risk Factors, PL, D

A

O: Diplo/Trichomonadorida
Risk Factors: one year old or younger, purebreed, history of diarrhea, co-infection with other enteric protozoa
PL: fecal-oral route, asymptomatic, symptomatic cats have diarrhea (gassy and malodorous)
D: direct fecal smear, culturing, PCR
T: Ronidazole

15
Q

Trichomonas spp,

O, N, H, ID, LC, S, PL

A

O: Diplo/Trichomonadorida
N: Canker, Frounce
Hosts: domestic and wild fowl
ID: pear shaped, 1 nucleus, flagella and axostyle
LC: from adult to young pigeons, contaminated water, raptor feeding on infected prey
Site: mouth, crop, esophagus, pharynx
PL: small yellow lesions in mouth, inflammation and ulceration of mucosa, diarrhea

16
Q

Histomonas spp.

O, hosts, ID, life cycle

A

O: Diplo/Trichomonadorida
Backhead
Hosts: fowl, turkeys (Heterakis is vector)
ID: round to oval, pseudopodial movement, flagellum in cecum
Site: cecum and liver
LC: trophozoites passed in feces not infective, trophozoites in Heterakis eggs are infective, birds ingest eggs or earthworm, trophozoites released and invade cecal wall, may migrate to liver

17
Q

Histomonas spp.

PL, D, TP

A

PL: infectious enterohepatitis, affects young turkeys and can be fatal, hemorrhagic liver with yellow lesions, cecal inflammation and ulceration
D: lesions in cecum and liver on necropsy, trophozoites in liver or cecum
TP: turkeys should be reared on ground not used to rear birds

18
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi

O, H, ID, LC

A

O: Kinetoplastorida
H: dogs, cats, humans, vector - assassin bug
ID: elongated trypomastigote in blood smear
LC: vector releases trypomastigotes in feces near bite, enter host, invade cells and become amastigotes, binary fission to trypomastigotes and released into blood, travel to new tissues, bug is infected when feeding

19
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi

PL, D, TP

A

PL: pathology in heart muscles, lethargy, tachyarrhythmia
D: trypomastigote in blood smear, serological and xenodiagnosis tests
TP: none, pour on insecticides

20
Q

Leishmania spp.

O, N, H, ID, LC

A

O: Kinetoplastorida
N: Kala-azar, oriental sore
H: dogs, humans vector- sand fly
ID: amastigotes round or oval in macrophages, large nucleus
LC: transmitted by fly bite, promastigotes phagocytized by macrophages, transform to amastigotes, insects ingest infected cells

21
Q

Leishmania spp.

S, PL, D, TP

A

Site: skin, liver, spleen, marrow, lymph node
PL: cutaneous - shallow ulcers on lips and eyelids, visceral - fever, anemia, lympadenopathy
D: biopsy, IFA, ELISA, PCR
TP: euthanasia, avoid fly bites