PSYC 106 exam 2

Question 1

Stereotaxic surgery

Answer 1

Anatomy; Allows us to target a very specific location in the brain using 3D coordinates. Stereotaxic Atlas. Looking at rat brains

Question 2

Tract tracing

Answer 2

Anatomy; inject agent at a specific location in brain, neurons filled with florescent dye

Question 3

MRI

Answer 3

Anatomy; Magnetic resonance imaging uses the interaction between radio waves and magnetic field to get an image of the inside of the brain

Question 4

DTI

Answer 4

Anatomy; Diffusion Tensor Imaging changes the direction of water molecules to rotate and show the fiber tracts and dense brain matter

Question 5

Inbreeding

Answer 5

Genetic; Inbred lines produce animals that are nearly genetically identical to each other. Identical genetics allows researches to reduce variability

Question 6

Outbreeding

Answer 6

Genetic; Produce animals that are not genetically identical. Allows researchers to maintain genetic diversity in the desired population. Helps to investigate brain behavior and disease

Question 7

Selective breeding

Answer 7

Genetic

Question 8

Animal models

Answer 8

Genetic; Transgenic (make mice express certain genes), or knock-in/knock-out a gene

Question 9

Lesion

Answer 9

Functional; Use old tools to kill a part of the brain

Question 10

EEGs

Answer 10

Functional; electrical activity recorded from macro electrodes

Question 11

PET and fMRI

Answer 11

Functional; detecting levels of oxygen and blood vessels in parts of the brain

Question 12

Chemical control

Answer 12

Neural activity control; Infuse drugs into the brain through the cannula

Question 13

Electrical control

Answer 13

Neural activity control; Send current through neurons to fire action potential

Question 14

Optic control/optogenetics

Answer 14

Neural activity control; Turn on specific cells/neurons with artificial light (CHR2 Fires action potential, NpHR stops action potential)

Question 15

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Answer 15

Neural activity control; Control activity in human cortical regions

Question 16

Deep brain stimulation (DBS)

Answer 16

Neural activity control; Implant electrodes in specific parts of brain (most popular)

Question 17

Sensory neurons

Answer 17

Physical response that turns into a chemical/electrical signal, communication

Question 18

Labeled line theory

Answer 18

Information is kept apart and stays in one lane. An isolated path

Question 19

Combinatorial theory

Answer 19

Pattern of different receptors. Combination of different sensory neurons gives rise to perception

Question 20

Temporal coding

Answer 20

The rate and pattern of action potentials in neurons give different types of information

Question 21

Olfactory epithelium

Answer 21

Smell is a chemical that binds with a G-protein (one molecule)

Question 22

Unique receptors (olfactory)

Answer 22

Unique instructions that align with unique genes. Each odorant receptor has its own odorant receptor AND those are metabotropic (G-protein) receptors

Question 23

Olfactory Glomeruli

Answer 23

Receptive field; Areas full of axons that are connected to only one type of molecule receptor. Synapses into a mitral cell (output)

Question 24

Combinatorial processing of olfactory perception