psych

Question 1

what is a neuron

Answer 1

a nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system

Question 2

What are the primary components of a neuron?

Answer 2

Cellbody, axon, dendrites

Question 3

What are the different types of neurons? How do they differ in terms of their function

Answer 3

sensory, motor, interneurons

Question 4

Myelin sheath

Answer 4

Myelin is an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves

Question 5

Synapse

Answer 5

a junction between two nerve cells

Question 6

Sensory Neuron

Answer 6

nerve cells within the nervous system responsible for converting external stimuli from the organism’s environment into internal electrical impulses

Question 7

motor neurons

Answer 7

a nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland.

Question 8

resting potential

Answer 8

the electrical potential of a neuron or other excitable cell relative to its surroundings when not stimulated or involved in the passage of an impulse.

Question 9

Action Potential

Answer 9

the changes in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell.

Question 10

Neurotransmitters

Answer 10

a chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure.

Question 11

Agonists

Answer 11

drug that increases the action of a neurotransmitter

Question 12

Antagonists

Answer 12

drugs that block the function of a neurotransmitter

Question 13

Nervous System

NS

Answer 13

cylindrical bundles of fibers (the axons of neurons), that emanate from the brain and spinal cord,

Question 14

Central NS

Answer 14

the part of the nervous system that is composed of the brain and spinal cord

Question 15

peripheral NS

Answer 15

the part of the nervous system that connects the central nervous system to the bodys organs and muscles

Question 16

somatic nervous system

Answer 16

a set of nerves that conveys information between voluntary muscles and the central ns

Question 17

sympathetic NS

Answer 17

a set of nerves that prepares the body for action in challenging or threatening situations

Question 18

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 18

a set of nerves that help the body return to the normal resting state

Question 19

Hindbrain

Answer 19

the area of the brain that coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord

Question 20

medulla

Answer 20

an extension of the spinal cord into the skull that coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord

Question 21

cerebellum

Answer 21

a large structure in the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills

Question 22

cerebral cortex

Answer 22

the outermost layer of the brain

Question 23

subcortical structures

Answer 23

areas of the forebrain housed under the cerebral cortex near the very center of the brain

Question 24

thalamus

Answer 24

a subcortical structure that relays and fliters information from the senses and transmits the information to the cerebral cortex

Question 25

limbic system

Answer 25

a group of forebrain structures including the hypothalumus, the hippocampus, and the amygdala. invloved in motivation, learning, memory, and emotion

Question 26

hippocampus

Answer 26

the structure used for creating new memories and applying them to previos concepts

Question 27

amygdala

Answer 27

part of limbic system that contributes to emotions and emotional memories

Question 28

corpus callosum

Answer 28

band of nerve fibers that connect both sides of the brain

Question 29

occipital lobe

Answer 29

a region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information

Question 30

parietal lobe

Answer 30

a region of the cerebral cortex whose function include processing information about touch

Question 31

temporal lobe

Answer 31

a region of the cerebral coretx responsible for hearing and language

Question 32

frontal lobe

Answer 32

region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgment

Question 33

association areas

Answer 33

areas of the cerebral cortex that are composed of neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information registered in the cortex

Question 34

mirror neurons

Answer 34

neurons that are active when an animal performs a behavior, like picking up a pen, and used when another animal recognizes the behavior

Question 35

epigenetics

Answer 35

study of enviormental influences that determine whether or not genes are expressed without altering the genetic structure

Question 36

EEG

Answer 36

a device that records electrical activity in the brain

Question 37

fMRI

Answer 37

Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow

Question 38

what are the two main types of nervous systems and what is their difference?

Answer 38

central and peripheral