- Janet has learned how to ride a bike. At first, riding the bike was hard for her and required a lot of effort. Now that she has mastered this skill her ________ has taken over and her mind tends to run on autopilot when riding her bike.
a.
awareness
b.
autoamatic system
c.
altered state
d.
conscious
b.
automatic system
- When asked to watch a video and press a key each time a black-shirted player passed a basketball, most research participants remained unaware of a gorilla thumping its chest in the midst of the players. This illustrated
a.
the cocktail party effect.
b.
inattentional blindness.
c.
blindsight.
d.
dual processing.
b.
inattentional blindness.
- Sleep deprivation ________ the production of body fat by ________ levels of the stress hormone cortisol.
a.
stimulates; increasing
b.
inhibits; increasing
c.
stimulates; decreasing
d.
inhibits; decreasing
a.
stimulates; increasing
- Sequential processing refers to
a.
the formation of complex neural networks.
b.
consciously processing one aspect of a problem at a time.
c.
the brain’s ability to automatically regulate basic life-sustaining processes such as breathing.
d.
the coordinated brain-wide activity that triggers consciousness.
b.
consciously processing one aspect of a problem at a time.
- The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during N2 sleep are called
a.
alpha waves.
b.
circadian rhythms.
c.
sleep spindles.
d.
delta waves.
c.
sleep spindles.
- The pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls our circadian rhythm is
a.
the hippocampus.
b.
melatonin.
c.
hypnagogic sensation.
d.
the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
d.
the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
- The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior are called
a.
disinhibition.
b.
withdrawal.
c.
neuroadaptation.
d.
intoxication.
b.
withdrawal.
- Cocaine is classified as a(n)
a.
hallucinogen.
b.
stimulant.
c.
depressant.
d.
opiate.
b.
stimulant.
- While driving to work, John was so focused on his cell-phone conversation that he inadvertently drove through a red light and hit another vehicle. John’s experience best illustrates the impact of
a.
blindsight.
b.
popout.
c.
the cocktail party effect.
d.
selective attention.
d.
selective attention.
- Although many experienced drivers cannot accurately explain how they do it, most know how to turn successfully from a left to a right lane of traffic. This best illustrates the value of
a.
sequential processing.
b.
blindsight.
c.
choice blindness.
d.
opiate.
d.
opiate.
- Training young people in drug refusal skills is a tactic that is most clearly designed to “inoculate” them against
a.
hallucinations.
b.
peer pressure.
c.
excess dopamine receptors.
d.
painkilling neurotransmitters.
b.
peer pressure.
- Narcolepsy is a disorder in which a person
a.
temporarily stops breathing during sleep.
b.
has sudden uncontrollable seizures.
c. experiences uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness.
d.
has difficulty falling and staying asleep.
c. experiences uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness.
- Greg remembered a recent dream in which his girlfriend suddenly grabbed the wheel of his speeding car. Greg’s therapist suggested that the dream might be a representation of the girlfriend’s efforts to avoid sexual intimacy. According to Freud, the therapist was attempting to reveal the ________ of Greg’s dream.
a.
paradoxical content
b.
circadian rhythm
c.
latent content
d.
manifest content
c.
latent content
- Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up bodily functions are called
a.
barbiturates.
b.
opiates.
c.
stimulants.
d.
amphetamines.
c.
stimulants.
- Morphine and heroin are
a.
amphetamines.
b.
opiates.
c.
hallucinogens.
d.
barbiturates.
b.
opiates.
- A human sperm cell contains
a.
23 chromosomes.
b.
23 genes.
c.
46 chromosomes.
d.
46 genes.
a.
23 chromosomes.
- Environmental events can “turn on” genes, ensuring that they are
a.
expressed.
b.
inactive.
c.
dormant.
d.
permitted.
a.
expressed.
- Dante is healthier than his twin brother because his placenta provided better nourishment. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on development.
a.
temperament
b.
organic methyl molecules
c.
the prenatal environment
d.
genetic predispositions
c.
the prenatal environment
- Chromosomes are contained within
a.
brain cells.
b.
sperm cells.
c.
blood cells.
d.
all of these types of cells.
d.
all of these types of cells.
- Jonathan and Jerry are identical twins. Jonathan has been diagnosed with schizophrenia but Jerry has not. Which of the following explains how this might occur?
a.
They developed from two separate fertilized eggs.
b.
They had separate placentas during prenatal development.
c.
While they have the same genes, they do not have the same number of those genes repeated in their genome.
d.
This is not possible with identical twins.
c.
While they have the same genes, they do not have the same number of those genes repeated in their genome.
- Gender identity refers to
a.
a person’s birth-assigned sex.
b.
the sense of being male, female, neither, or some combination of male and female.
c.
the set of expected behaviors, attitudes, and traits for men and for women.
d.
how masculine a boy is or how feminine a girl is.
b.
the sense of being male, female, neither, or some combination of male and female.
- Jason and Alex are biologically unrelated adolescents who were adopted as infants and raised together. For which of the following are Jason and Alex LEAST likely to resemble each other any more than they resemble a genetically unrelated adolescent from another home in their neighborhood?
a.
extraversion
b.
faith
c.
table manners
d.
political attitudes
a.
extraversion
- Infant rats deprived of their mothers’ normal licking had more ________ that block access to the “on” switch for developing the brain’s stress hormone receptors.
a.
self-regulating genes
b.
chromosomes
c.
genomes
d.
epigenetic molecules
d.
epigenetic molecules
- Which theoretical perspective can explain why behavior differences between men and women are smaller in cultures with greater gender equality?
a.
evolutionary theory
b.
social learning theory
c.
biopsychosocial theory
d.
fertile females theory
b.
social learning theory
