Psychiatry

Question 1

What condition causes third person auditory hallucinations?

Answer 1

Schizophrenia

Question 2

What does mesocortical dopamine hypoactivity cause?

Answer 2

Negative and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia

Question 3

What does subcortical dopamine hyperactivity cause?

Answer 3

Psychosis

Question 4

What is the tuberoinfundibulnar dopamine pathway concerned with?

Answer 4

Prolactin release

Question 5

What is the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway concerned with?

Answer 5

Extrapyramidal motor movements

Question 6

What is another name for the subcortical and mesocortical dopamine pathways?

Answer 6

Mesolimbic system

Question 7

What is the mesolimbic system concerned with?

Answer 7

Motivation and reward

Question 8

Which of the dopamine pathways in the brain is dysregulated in schizophrenia?

Answer 8

Mesolimbic system

Question 9

What does Da blockade in the mesolimbic system cause?

Answer 9

Depression

Question 10

What does Da agonism in the mesolimbic system cause?

Answer 10

Pscyhosis

Question 11

2 side effects of clozapine?

Answer 11

Agranulocytosis

Weight gain

Question 12

Which atypical anti-depressant causes the most weight gain?

Answer 12

Olanzapine

Question 13

Under what conditions can clozapine be prescribed?

Answer 13

By a consultant when the patient has tried 2 other anti-psychotics

Question 14

Monitoring involved when a patient takes clozapine?

Answer 14

Once a week for the first 6/12
Once every 2 weeks for the next 6/12
Then every 4 weeks thereafter
One month after discontinuation

Question 15

Limbic system functions?

Answer 15

Motivation
Memory
Olfaction
Visceral afferents
Emotion
M2OVE

Question 16

Brain changes in schizophrenia?

Answer 16

Reduced frontal lobe volume (and grey matter)
Enlarged lateral ventricles
Reduced grey matter in the temporal cortex

Question 17

What is pressure of thought?

Answer 17

Varied ideas in abundance

Question 18

What condition is pressure of thought characteristic of?

Answer 18

Mania (may also be seen in schizophrenia)

Question 19

What will the patient report if they have poverty of thought?

Answer 19

Lack/ absence of thoughts

Question 20

What is thought blocking?

Answer 20

Abrupt and complete interruption of stream (strongly associated with schizophrenia)

Question 21

What is flight of ideas?

Answer 21

Quickly moving from one topic to another but there is a link

Question 22

What is knight’s move?

Answer 22

Thinking where there does not appear to be a link between point A and point b

Question 23

What is flight of ideas and knight’s move commonly seen in?

Answer 23

Bipolar during a manic phase

Question 24

What drug can be used to treat extra-pyramidal side effects?

Answer 24

Procyclidine

Question 25

What is the amygdala involved in?

Answer 25

The normal response to threat

Question 26

What does the prefrontal cortex do in relation to the amygdala?

Answer 26

Dampens down the amygdala's response to threat (if fewer connections, less effective)

Question 27

What is the main management of OCD?

Answer 27

Mainly an SSRI and if there is a partial response at any points, consider CBT as an adjunct

Question 28

IQ for borderline learning difficulty?

Answer 28

70-80ish

Question 29

IQ for a mild learning difficulty?

Answer 29

50-69

Question 30

IQ for a moderate learning difficulty?

Answer 30

35-49

Question 31

IQ for a severe learning difficulty?

Answer 31

20-34

Question 32

IQ for a profound learning difficulty?

Answer 32

<20

Question 33

Beck's triad?

Answer 33

Negative feelings about: Self World Future

Question 34

What type of symptoms can NMDA antagonists produce?

Answer 34

Psychotic symptoms

Question 35

What benzodiazepine is used to treat alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 35

Chlordiazepoxide

Question 36

When do alcohol withdrawal seizures occur?

Answer 36

Within 48 hours

Question 37

When does delirium tremens occur with alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 37

Between 48 and 72 hours

Question 38

What are lewy bodies?

Answer 38

Eosinophillic inclusions

Question 39

What 2 conditions may Lewy Bodies be seen in?

Answer 39

Lewy body dementia | Parkinsons disease

Question 40

Which psychiatry drug can cause a hypertensive crisis?

Answer 40

MAOIs

Question 41

How do you treat a hypertensive crisis caused by MAOIs?

Answer 41

Phentolamine infusion

Question 42

Name 5 things that can interact with MAOIs.

Answer 42

``` Tyramine containing foods Ephidrine Nasal decongestants TCAs Pethidine ```

Question 43

What 2 types of patients should you avoid TCA's in?

Answer 43

Those with cardiac problems or patients with suicidal intent