Flashcards in Psychopathology Deck (15):
1
Describe the process of systematic desensitisation
1- Counter conditioning: phobic stimulus associated with relaxation
2- Reciprocal Inhibition: relaxation inhibits anxiety
3- Relaxation: deep breathing, peaceful scene, muscle relaxation
4- Desensitisation hierarchy: least to most scary, relaxation at each step
2
Describe the process of flooding
Patient experiences phobia whilst practising relaxation. Session continues until patient is fully relaxed
3
How effective is systematic desensitisation?
Research has shown that 75% of patients with phobias respond to SD
4
Is systematic desensitisation appropriate for all phobias?
Öhman et al suggests that it may not be as effective in treating phobias that have an underlying evolutionary survival component
5
How would someone be diagnosed by statistical infrequency?
If they deviate from the typical values of a set of data
6
How would someone be diagnosed by deviation from social norms?
-Norms are created by society
-Behaving differently from social norms is abnormal
7
Give 2 evaluations of deviation from social norms
•Related to context and degree
•Social norms change over time
8
Give 2 evaluations of statistical infrequency
•Some abnormal behaviour is desirable
•Cut-off point is subjectively determined
9
What is failure to function adequately?
Being unable to handle everyday life (abnormal if it causes distress to self and/or others)
10
What are the 6 categories of ideal mental health?
•Self-attitudes
•Personal growth
•Integration
•Autonomy
•Accurate perception of reality
•Mastery of the environment
11
What are 2 evaluations of failure to function adequately?
•Behaviour may be functional for individual- eg result in them getting attention
•Recognises the subjective experience of the patient
12
Give 2 evaluations of deviation from ideal mental health
•Unrealistic criteria- most people don't meet all of them
•Suggests that mental health is the same as physical health
13
State the emotional, behavioural and cognitive characteristics of phobias
•Emotional- Excessive and unreasonable fear, extreme anxiety
•Behavioural- avoidance or freeze/faint
•Cognitive- Irrational thinking, and recognising that the fear is unreasonable
14
State the emotional, behavioural and cognitive characteristics of depression
•Emotional- Sadness, loss of interest in usual activities, anger
•Behavioural- Shift in activity level, sleep or appetite
•Cognitive- negative self-concept, negative view of the world and the future
15