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Flashcards in public health - medlearn Deck (28)
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1
Q

health

A

a resource for everyday life, not the object of living

positive concept - emphasising social and personal resources as well as physical capacities

2
Q

public health

A

the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organised efforts of society

3
Q

what is health proportion

A

empowering people for health
enable people to increase control over and improve their health
improve control over determinants of health
social and political process
strengthen skills and capabilities of individuals
change the social, env and economic conditions to alleviate their impact on public and individual health

4
Q

what is involved in health promotion

A

clinical intervention
health education
health public policy
community development

5
Q

clinical intervention

A

biomedical

prevention

6
Q

health education

A

traditional health promotion

knowledge = attitudes = behaviour = practice

7
Q

health public policy

A

legal, fiscal, regulatory (HIA, European directive

8
Q

community development

A

radical individuals setting their own agenda

9
Q

how many levels of prevention are there

A

4

10
Q

primordial prevention

A

prevention of factors that prevent the emergence of lifestyles, behaviours, exposure patterns which contribute to increased risk of disease

11
Q

primary prevention

A
actions to prevent onset of disease 
limit exposure to risk factors 
individual behaviour change 
actions in community 
health promotion - health education and prescriptive diets 
specific protection - vaccination
12
Q

secondary prevention

A

halt progression when illness is already established
early detection
effective treatment
special consideration of asymptomatic individuals

13
Q

tertiary prevention

A

rehabilitation of people with established disease to minimise residual disability and complications
QOL action even if disease cannot be cured

14
Q

high risk prevention

A

identifying those in special need

then controlling exposure or provide protection against exposure - vaccination

15
Q

population prevention

A

recognition that occurrence of common conditions reflect behaviour and circumstances of society as a whole

16
Q

describe the prevention paradox

A

many people exposed to a small risk may generate more disease than the few exposed to a small risk
when many people receive a small benefit the total benefit may be large
individual inconvenience may be high to the many when benefit may inly be to a few

17
Q

strength of high risk approach

A
effective - high motivation 
efficient - cost effective
benefit:risk ratio is favourable 
appropriate to the individual 
easy to evaluate
18
Q

weakness of high risk approach

A

palliative and temporary - misses a large amount of disease
risk prediction - not accrate
limited potential - misses out on spill over of info
hard to change individual behaviours

19
Q

strength of population approach

A

equitable - attributable risk may be high where risk is low if a lot of people are exposed to the low risk
radical
large potential for the population
behaviourally appropriate

20
Q

weaknesses

A

small advantage to the individual
poor motivation of the subject
poor motivation of the physician
benefit:risk ratio worrisome

21
Q

where can health promotion operate

A

internationally
nationally - government, advertising, media
locally - GP, hospital, local authority, police, schools etc
individually- support groups, neighbourhood schemes, communities

22
Q

may impact at level of

A

population
community
individual

23
Q

smoking cessation and drs working with individuals

A
smoking cessation guidelines 
MI 
support for cessation 
prescription of nicotine replacement therapy and bupropion 
referral to specialist services
24
Q

broader health promotion of drs

A

advocacy eg higher taxds, NRT on prescription, ban on tabacco advertising, smoke free public and work places

25
Q

how do drs cause broad health promotion

A

write/speak to politicians (lobbying)
letters to the press- media advocacy
influencing decision makers

26
Q

wanless report

A

wanless 1 2 and 3
disease burden
fully engaged scenario
focus on prevention and wider determinants of health
cost effectiveness of actions to improve health and reduce inequalities

27
Q

Marmot review

A

give every child the best start to life
enable all children, young people and adults to maximise their capabilities and have control over their life
create fair employment and good work for all
ensure healthy standard of living for all
create and develop healthy and sustainable places and communities
strengthen the role and impact of ill health prevention

28
Q

key public health programs

A
smoking cessation
alcohol harm reduction strategy 
sexual health - national chlamidyia screening program 
tackling teenage pregnancy 
tackling obesity 
immunisation programs