Pulmonary blood flow, Gas exchange & Transport 1-3 Flashcards Preview

Systems: The Respiratory System > Pulmonary blood flow, Gas exchange & Transport 1-3 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Pulmonary blood flow, Gas exchange & Transport 1-3 Deck (28)
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1
Q

What is the name of the branch of the systemic circulation that provides nutritive support to the lungs ?

A

Bronchial Circulation

2
Q

What are the partial pressures of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the arterial circulation ?

A
PaO2 = 100 mmHg/13.5 kPa
PaCO2 = 40 mmHg/5.3 kPa
3
Q

What are the partial pressures of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the venous circulation ?

A
PaO2 = 40 mmHg/ 5.3 kPa
PaCO2 = 46 mmHg/6.2 kPa
4
Q

What are the partial pressures of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the tissues ?

A
PaO2 = 40 mmHg/ 5.3 kPa
PaCO2 = 46 mmHg/6.2 kPa
5
Q

What are the partial pressures of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the lungs ?

A
PaO2 = 100 mmHg/13.5 kPa
PaCO2 = 40 mmHg/5.3 kPa
6
Q

What is ‘Tidal Volume’ ?

A

The amount of air per breath that enters the lungs at rest (500ml per breath)

7
Q

What is ‘Total Lung Capacity’ ?

A

The maximum amount of air the lungs can hold upon deep inhale and forced exhale (6000ml/6L)
TLC = VC + RV

8
Q

What is ‘Vital Capacity’ ?

A

The amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs from rest (4800ml/4.8L)

9
Q

What is ‘Residual Volume’ ?

A

No matter how much you breathe out the residual volume will always remain within the Alveoli (stops Alveoli from collapsing)

10
Q

What is ‘Functional Residual Capacity’ ?

A

Residual volume + Expirartory Reserve Volume

11
Q

Name 4 pathologies that may affect gas exchange ?

A

Emphysema - Reduces surface area
Fibrotic lung disease - Thickened Alveolar membrane
Pulmonary Oedema - Interstitial space increases
Asthma - Constricted bronchiole

12
Q

What is the total O2 carrying capacity of plasma ?

A

3ml O2/L blood

13
Q

What is the total O2 carrying capacity of plasma that contains RBC ?

A

200ml O2/L blood

14
Q

How many molecules of Oxygen can 1 RBC carry ?

A

4 Molecules (1 for each haem group)

15
Q

How much Oxygenated blood is produced per minute ?

A

1000ml/min

16
Q

What is the tissues demand for oxygenated blood ?

A

250ml/min

17
Q

Name the chemical factors that will affect the oxyhaemaglobin dissociation curve ?

A

PCO2
pH
Temp.
2,3-DPG

18
Q

Exercise will shift the oxyhaemaglobin dissociation curve to the Left/Right ?

A

Right

19
Q

Where is Myoglobin found and what is its affinity for oxygen ?

A

Skeletal muscle, high affinity for oxygen (higher than Hemoglobin)

20
Q

How is CO2 transported in the blood stream ? (explain the process)

A

Gasses travel in the blood stream in soloution.

1: CO2 combines with water inside RBC forming carbonic acid (carbonic anhydrase)
2: This dissociates becoming bicarbonate and H ions
3: Bicarbonate moves out of RBC in exchange for chloride ions

21
Q

What is the chloride shift ?

A

When Bicarbonate moves out of the RBC in exchange for Cl ions

22
Q

Where in the lungs is blood flow greatest ?

A

The base

23
Q

What shape are the Alveoli at the apex and the base of the lungs ?

A

Apex: Long and not compressed
Base: Short compressed and easily inflated

24
Q

Around what rib number does this change in alveolar presentation occur ?

A

Rib 3

25
Q

Name two types of V/Q (ventilation/perfusion) mismatch

A

Shunt: Where this is normal perfusion but decreased ventilation. The CO2 in the alevolus increases and O2 decreases and the blood flowing past this alveolus is not getting oxygenated.
Alveolar ‘Dead Space’: Where there is normal ventilation but decreased perfusion due to a blockage or clot within a vessel

26
Q

What occurs during Hypoxaemia in the pulmonary circulation ?

A

Vasoconstriction

27
Q

What does Hypo-ventilation do to the respiratory system ?

A

Causes CO2 retention, increases H ions, causing respiratory acidosis.

28
Q

What does Hyperventilation do tho the respiratory system ?

A

Blows off more CO2, decreases H ions, causing respiratory alkalosis.