Pulmonary exam Flashcards Preview

Physical Diagnosis > Pulmonary exam > Flashcards

Flashcards in Pulmonary exam Deck (22)
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1
Q

lung fields

anterior
lateral
posterior

A

anterior - apices to 6-7 ribs
lateral - axilla to 8-9 ribs
posterior - apices to 10-12 ribs

2
Q

fissures

oblique
horizontal

A

oblique - SP of T3

horizontal - 5th rib of mid axillary line to 4th rib

3
Q

regular pattern of gradually increasing and decreasing tidal volume interspersed with periods of apnea

A

cheyne stokes

4
Q

irregular breathing with irregular pauses and increasing periods of apnea - similar size breaths

A

biots

5
Q

irregular breathing with irregular pauses and increasing periods of apnea - variance in deeps of breaths

A

ataxic

6
Q

increased fremitus indicates what

A

lung consolidation

pneumonia

7
Q

decreased fremitus indicates what

A
excess air in lungs 
collapsed lungs 
asthma 
emphysema 
pneumothorax 
pleural effusion
8
Q

fluid collecting in potential space between the lung and chest wall

A

pleural effusion

9
Q

air filled parenchyma becomes engorged with fluid

A

consolidation

10
Q

pleximeter
vs
plexor

A

pleximeter - finger struck

plexor - striking finger

11
Q

auscultation sounds

A

bronchial - manubrium - loud and high pitched

brochovesicular - mainstem bronchi (1-3 ICS anteriorly) and midscapular area posteriorly

vesicular - most of lung fields - low pitched

12
Q

bronchial sounds are heard when

A

expiration

if heard anywhere else besides manubrium, then it indicates pneumonia

13
Q

bronchovesicular sounds are heard when

A

equal during expiration and inspiration

14
Q

vesicular sounds are head when

A

inspiration

15
Q

crackles or rares describe

A

fine, popping, crackling, discontinuous

mainly during inspiration

mostly in peripheral lung fields

found in pulmonary edema, CHF, pneumonia, interstitial fibrosis, and any condition involving alveolar tissue

16
Q

wheezes describe

A

high pitched, squeaking, musical, continuous

mainly during expiration

small airways narrow and spasm

found in asthma, CHF, fibrosis, pneumonia, and TB

17
Q

rhonchi describe

A

snores, moans, groans

during expiration

large airways narrow

found in bronchitis, bronchospasm

18
Q

asthma

A

tachpnea, dyspnea

diminished fremitus

hyperresonance

expiratory wheezes

19
Q

bronchitis

A

possible tachypnea and shallow breathing

tactile fremitus undiminished

resonance

rhonchi auscultation

20
Q

emphysema

A

labor breathing and barrel chest

diminished fremitus and liver margin displaced

hyperresonance and limited diaphragmatic excursion

diminished breath sounds

21
Q

pneumonia

A

limited motion and labored breathing

increased fremitus due to consolidation

dullness

crackles, bronchial breath sounds, egophony, bronchophony, whispered pectoriloquy

22
Q

pneumothorax

A

cyanosis, dyspnea, tracheal deviation

diminished fremitus

hyperresonance

diminished breath sounds