Pulmonology Flashcards
1
Q
1 casue of ARDS is:
A
Sepsis
chemical exposure
burns
2
Q
viruses that often cause acute Bronchitis are:
A
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Rhinovirus
Influenza
Corona
3
Q
Unique paraneplastic syndrome for Adenocarcinoma is:
A
Thromboplebitis
4
Q
Erythema Nodosum is often seen in what pulmonary condition?
A
Sarcoidosis
5
Q
Trasudate vs. Exudate Effusion
A
Transudate__Exudate
total fluid protein: <3 g >3
fluid prot / serum prot: 0.5 0.5
fluid LDH/ serum LDH 0.6 0.6
causes CHF Malign
Renal
Cirrhosis
6
Q
Atopy is:
A
Asthma predisposing factor.
genetic predipsoition to developm IgE in response to allergen.
7
Q
CAP in HIV/AIDS pt is often caused by:
A
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Fungal
8
Q
Signs and sx of pulmonary HTN:
A
Fatigue
Dyspnea on exersion
substernal chest pain
edema
Rt heart enlargement seen on ECG, Echo, chest X ray.
9
Q
Immediate Asthmatic Response is:
A
causes immediate bronchoconstriction
reversed by SABA
10
Q
Sx of Tension Pneumothorax:
A
Hypotension
Pleuritic Pain
Low Oxygen saturation
Distened JV
Diminished breath sounds
11
Q
Definition of a lung mass is:
A
>3 cm.
12
Q
Moderate Persistent Asthma:
A
Daily episodes
>1 night episodes per week.
tx: Inhaled Corticosteroids + LABA (salmeterol)
13
Q
COPD tx that increases survival is:
A
Supplemental O2
14
Q
Treatment for CAP is
A
Doxycycline
or
Macroclides:
clarithromycin
azitrhomycn (Z pack)
15
Q
Nasal Polyps
Chloride sweat test
Recurrent pneumonia
Fecal fat test
should make you think of:
A
Cystic Fibrosis
16
Q
Diminished lung sounds are seen in what COPD?
A
Empysema
17
Q
Pertussis stage that involves flu like symptoms (fever, nasal congestion, sneezing) is known as:
A
Catarrhal Stage
18
Q
Facial Edema
Distended JV
in a pt with lung CA should make you think of:
A
SVC syndrome
19
Q
Side effect of TB drugs:
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
A
Isoniazid - peripheral neuropathy (corrected with B6)
Rifampin - orange bodily fluids, hepatitis
Ethambutol - Optic neuritis, red-green blindness
Pyrazinamide - hyperuricemia
20
Q
Orthomyxovirus is also known as:
A
Influenza
21
Q
Berryliosis pneumoconioses X ray findings are:
A
Hilar adenopathy
22
Q
In smoke inhalation / carbon dioxide poisoning
it is crucial to order which test?
A
Carboxyhemoglobin
True O2 sat = O2 sat - Carboxyhemoglobin
23
Q
Light Criteria includes:
A
Effusion protein is 50% or more of serum protein
e.i effusion pretein / serum protein is >0.5
Effusion LDH is 60% or more of serum protein
e.i effusion LDH / serum LDH is > 0.6
24
Q
Ghon/Ranke focus/complex
A
seen in TB:
focus-sign of healed primary infection
complexe-focus plus hilar adenopathy
25
**Caseating/necrotizing** granulomas are:
biopsy result correlating to TB
26
Lung sound assosiated with Bronchitis:
Rhonchi
Wheezes that go away with coughing
Crackles
**No Rales**
27
Features of Mantoux testing:
measure induration and NOT the erythema
measure in 48-72 hours after the shot
Purified protein derivative
indicative of exposure not necessarily active disease
28
X-Ray findins of TB include:
**Cavitation** - signs of primary disease
Homogeneous infiltrates
Upper/Apex distributation
**Chon/Ranke** focus/comlex - healed primary infection
29
Example of Short Acting Agonist **(SABA)**
Example of Long Short Acting Agonist **(LABA)**
Albutorol **(SABA)**
Salmeterol, Formoterol **(LABA)**
30
**Reyes syndrome** can be produced if:
a child who hase influenza A/B or Varicella (Chicken pox) treated with **Aspirin**
31
leaking capillaries which result in **spilling of protein** into plueral cavity lead to:
**Exudate Pleural Effusion.**
**Positive Light's criteria**
32
CAP in Student is most often caused by:
***Mycoplasma pnemoniae***
***Chlamydia***
33
Hospital/Nosocomial pneumonia are caused by which organisms:
***Pseudomonas***
***S.Aureus***
***Klebsiella***
***E.Coli***
***Enterobacter***
34
**Sacroidosis** is:
systemic disease
seen often in African blacks and Northern European
granulomas throughout the body including lungs
35
**Blunting of Costophrenic** seen on chest X-Ray is a sign of:
Pleural effusion.
36
Pnemocystis Pneumonia is caused by
***Pneumocystis jiroveci***
37
Exam signs of **lobar / consolidated pneumonia**:
**+ bronchophony** (spoken words a heard louder)
**+ egophony** ( "ee" is heard as an "A")
**+ whispered pectoriloquy** (whispered words are heard louder and clear)
38
Classical X ray finding corresponding to Epiglottitis is:
**Thumbprint sign** on lateral C spine film
39
Distinguishing feature of COPD is
productive cough
Blue bloaters
40
COPD pt with SVT should be treated with:
CCB
## Footnote
**(not Adenosine)**
41
Active TB tx is:
**Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutal, Pyrazinamide** x 2 months
42
**Pursed lips** breathing is seen in pt's with:
emphysema
43
Healthy lung tissue sounds _____ to percussion
Resonant
44
1 treatment for COPD is:
**Smoking Cessation**
**Supplimental O2**
45
**FEV1/FVC \< 75%** is a predictor of:
_Obstructive Pulm Disease_:
## Footnote
**COPD or ASTHMA**
46
PE will often produce respiratory \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
**alkolosis**
47
red coloring of the urine and other secretions (saliva, tears, stool), hepatic toxicity is seen in what TB drug?
**Rifampicin**
48
non-necrotizing granulomatous finding on lung biopsy suggests what pathology?
Sarcoidosis
49
**Uveitis** is seen in what pulmonary conditoin?
(inflammation of the middle layer of the eye)
Sacroidosis
50
Oblique/major fissure devides:
**Left lung into**: upper and inferior lobes
**Right lung into**: upper, middle and lower lobes
51
X ray findings seen in Acute Resp Distress syndrome:
Bilat infiltrates that spare costophrenic angles
normal heart
52
**Acute** Cor Pulmonale caused by
**Chronic** Cor Pulmonale caused by
PE \> acute Cor Pulmonale
COPD \> Pulm HNT \> chronich Cor Pulmonale
53
**Carcinoid syndrome** is:
**diarrhea**
**flushing**
**Telangiectasia** (visible small linear red blood vessels )
54
What importat diet modification should be made to pt with cystic fibrosis?
**Fat-soluble vitamin supplements**
55
Location of Lung Cancers:
**Large cell & Adeno**: Peripheral location (LA=costal)
**Small cell, squamous:** central location (S=Sentral)
56
Crackles and wheezes that clear with coughing are indicative of:
Bronchitis
57
Subacute cough last:
3-8 weeks
58
Hepatotoxic (rare), hyperuricemia is seen in what TB drug?
**Pyrazinamide**
59
Aspergilloma may be seen in the lungs after what conditon?
TB
60
Inhalation of car fume causes
**Carbon monoxide** poisoning
61
**Intermittent/Controlled** Asthma is defined as:
\<2 episodes per week
and
\<2 night episode per month
tx: SABA (**Albutorol**) PRN
62
Late Asthmatic Response is:
occures 4-12 h after the initial onset
infux of inflammatory cells
produces **irreversible** bronchial hyperplasia
63
**Tension Pneumothorax** is often caused by:
**Penetrating** truama
64
Mesothelioma originates from:
**Pleural lining** - majority
Peritoneal lining
65
Afib in a pt with COPD should be treated with:
CCB
## Footnote
**(not Beta blockers)**
66
Most common sx of a PE is:
**Tachycardia**
67
_Non Small Cell Lung Cancer_ includes:
**S**quamous
**A**denocarcinoma
**L**arge Cell
**(SALc)**
68
**_Silicosis pneumoconioses_** and **_Coal Workers_ pneumoconioses** produce what X ray findings:
**Nodular opacities / "eggshell"** with calcification in the appex of the lungs
69
**Silicosis pneumoconioses** has a high risk of
**TB development**
70
Etiology of Bronchitis is:
viral
71
what is the potential danage of performing Laryngoscopy in a pt. with Acute Epiglotitis?
Airway spasm.
Should only be done in OR setting.
72
CAP in pt with AIDS (CD4\<200)
immonosuppressed pt
is caused by
***Pneumocystitis jiroveci*** (PCP)
73
Diagnostitc test for pertussis is:
PCR
74
X ray finding corresponding to Mesothelioma are:
_Unilateral_
**irregular , nodular pleural thickening**
**hemmorhagic pleural effusion**
75
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy is often seen in:
Sacroidosis
76
**Dullness to lung percussio**n is indicative of:
consolidation/effusion
77
sx of Chronic Bronchitis:
Excessive mucous secretion
Chronic cough
Rales, ronchi, wheezes
Cyonosis
78
Which lung conditions produce dullness to percussion?
Pleural effusion
Tumor
Fibrosis
pneumonia
**other condtions where air is being replaced.**
79
Most common cause of Pulmonary HTN is:
Secondary causes:
## Footnote
**COPD**
**Scleroderma**
80
Definition of lung **nodule/lesion** is:
\<3 cm.
81
**Rust Colored sputum**
Single rigor
CAP caused by ***S.Pneumoniae***
82
Pertussis is seen in what age group?
children\<2 y.o
83
**Hyper resonance** to percussion is a signs of:
Pneumothorax
ASTHMA
COPD
84
Consolidated pneumonia \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
tactile fremitus.
Increase
85
CAP in a PT with **spleenectomy** is often casued by:
***S.pneumoniae***
***H.Influenza***
86
Unique breathing sound that corralates to **upper respiratory obstruction** is known as:
***Stridor***
87
Optic neuritis, difficulty distinguishing between blue and green is seen in what TB drug?
**Ethambutol:**
88
**Tram-track or ring-like markings**
**Honeycombing markings**
X ray findings corresponding to:
Bronchiectasis
89
**Sx of Reye's** syndrome inlcude:
CNS sx.
liver failure
90
Cough for 3 or more month/year x 2 years is known as:
Chronic Bronchitis / COPD
91
**Reid index:**
meausures mucus gland layer on the bronchial wall
Reid index is \>50% seen in chronic bronchitis pt.
92
Treatment for croup
Steroids
93
Rt. Lung has ___ lobes
Three
94
Contraindication to Flue vaccine is:
**Egg allergy**
febrile illness
Thrombocytopenia
95
CAP caused in **air conditioning / aerosolized water** is usually secondary to what microrganism?
*_Legionella pneumophia_*
96
**Barrel Chest** is seen in
Emphysema
97
sx of **Idiopathy Pulmonary Fibrosis**
Inspiratory Crackles
patchy fibrosis
reduces lung volume
reduced FVC
inreased FEV**1** / FVC
98
most common cause of **Acute Resp Distress syndrome** is:
**sepsis**
99
**Contralateral mediastinal and tracheal deviation** seen on X ray is a sign of:
Tension Pneumothorax.
100
**Lupus pernio**
purple lesion around the nose are often seen in what pulmonary conditoin?
Sarcoidosis
101
X ray findings corresponding to Asthma is:
**Hyperinflated lungs**
102
Prevention of Pertussis is?
**Tdap**
103
X ray findings seen in Chronic Bronchitis:
Increased pulmonary markings
104
Laten TB tx:
**Isoniazid** x 9 m
Rifopentine
105
**Berryliosis** is associated with:
Space / high tech fields
106
Major complication of Bronchiectasis is:
**Recurrent pnemonia**
107
Walking pnumonia is seen in:
students
casued by: ***Mycoplasma pneumniae***
108
Sx of Bronchiectasis are:
**Foul smelling sputum**
**Excessive sputum production**
**recurrent pnemonia URI**
**bilateral crackles**
109
Best diagnostic test for Bronchiectasis is:
CT will show:
thickened bronchial walls with dialated airways.
110
Rt. Axis Deviation
RVH
RAE
are seen in which pulmonary condtion:
Pulmonary HTN
111
Description of a typical pt with **primary spontaneous pneumothorax**:
Male
Tall
Thin
Smoking
Basketball player
112
**Actue epiglottitis** is caused most offten by:
***Haemophilus influenza type B***
***Strep***
***Staph***
113
**Rale/Crackles** are heard in which pulmonary condtions
Pneumonia
Fibrosis
**Crackles are non musical / discontinuous**
114
**Severe Persistent** Asthma:
daily and nightly
tx: **Inhaled Corticosteroids + LABA +oral steroids**
115
Sensitivity to organic materials
(birds, hay, fungus) is known as
**Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis**
116
Most Carcinoid tumors are located in:
**GI and Lungs**
117
**Non-caseating granulom**as are:
Biopsy results corresponding to ***sacroidosis***
118
Normal Respiratory Rate (RR) is
**14-20**
119
Pneumonia caused by **Legionella** is often seen in conjunction with:
**GI sx:**
diarrhea
n/v
120
X ray findings corresponding to PE:
atelectasis at the basis
**Western'smark signs** (local vasoconstriction)
**Hampton's hump** (wedge articfact/ifarct distal to occlusion)
121
Positive Criteria for Mantoux test:
**Positive IF:**
\>5 mm if pt immunosuppressed
\>10 mm if pt has known risk factor or less then 4 y.p
\>15 mm if pt has no known risk factors
122
What **FEV1/FVC** will
pt with COPD and ASTHMA have
**FEV1/FVC \< 75%** adults
**FEV1/FVC\<90%** children
123
FVC and TLC in Restrictive Pulm Disease are:
reduced
124
Asbestosis causes what kind of cancer:
**Non small cell CA** - most common
**Mesothelioma -** unique
125
Tx for exersises induced Asthama is:
LABA:
## Footnote
**salmeterol**
126
**Tactile Fremitus** is _________ in
COPD
Pleural Effusion
Fibrosis
Pneumothorax
***DECREASED***
these **_reduce_** the transmition of vibrations felt by the hand
127
**Cattarhal stage** of Perstusis is known as
the most contageous
**C**atarrhal=**C**ongageous
128
Most common histological type of lung cancer is:
**Adenocarcinoma**
129
Tx for acute Epiglottis is:
3rd generation cephalosporin:
***Cefuroxime***
***Ceftriaxone***
Secure Airways = INTUBATE if needed
130
Tx for Berryliosis is
Chronic steroids
131
Pertussis stage that involves "whooping/high-pitched" cough is known as:
**Paroxysmal**
132
**Asthma Sx includes**
Cough
SOB
Wheezing
Chest tightness
133
Sx of Epiglottitis:
Painfull swalling (odynophagia)
Drolling
Pt. leaning forward (Tripod position)
Stridor
134
Prevention of Epiglottitis is:
**Hib** vaccination (against Heamophilus influezae type b)
135
The risk of **Sudden Infant Death Syndrome** is increased in
Maternal Smoking during pregnancy
136
**SIADH and Cushing's** are typical of which lung CA?
**Small Cell CA**
137
X ray finding corresponding to Emphysyma:
Flattened diaphragms (signs of hyperinflated lungs)
**Parenchyma bullae**
Decreased lung markings at apex
Hyperlucency of the lungs (signs of hyperinflating)
138
COPD consisits of:
Chronich Bronchitis
and
Emphysema
139
Phathophisiology of Emphysema:
lung fibrosis
loss of elastic recoil properties
140
**Tamiflu/Oseltamivir**
Antiviral (influenza A & B)
must be given w/i the first 48 hours
Oral medication
Aproved for **1 y.o** and older.
141
**Acute Resp Distess Syndrome**
Pulmonary insult **w/o Cardiac Failure**
most often seen in ICU
142
Most common congenital cause of bronchiectasis is:
**Cystic Fibrosis**
143
College student
**_Bullous myringitis:_**
acute otitis media involving vesicles on typmanic membrane
CAP caused by ***Mycoplasma pneumoniae***
144
Exam findins suggestive of pneumonia:
**Positive Egophony** (E\>A)
**Increased Tactile Fremitus** (fibration felt with hands)
**Rales**
145
**Non - ceseating granulomas**
Erythema nodosume
Enlarged parotid glands\>hyperCalcemia
are typically seen in:
**Sacroidosis**
146
Pathophysiology of Chronic Bronchitis:
Smooth muscle hypertrophy
Over activity of mucus glands
Loss of cillia
Mucus build up
147
**Serevent Diskus** is a long-acting beta agonist
long-acting beta agonist (LABA)
148
**Pertussis** is caused by:
***Bordetella pertusisi*** **-**
149
what immunizations are advised for pnemocosies?
**Neumococcal**
and
**Influenza**
150
Wheezes and Rhonci are heard in:
COPD
ASTHMA
151
**Egg shell calcification** seen on X ray are suggestive of
**Sillicosis**
152
Pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis:
loss of cellia
mucus hypersecretion
decreased mucus removal
obstructions and inflammation
153
154
Unique paranepolastic syndrome for Large Cell CA is:
**Gynocomastia**
155
Intermittent
Mild Persistent
Moderate Persistent
Severe Persistent
1. SABA
2. low ICS
3. low ICS+LABA
4. mid ICS + LABA
5. high ICS + LABA
6. high ICS + LABA + oral steroids
156
Pt with **spleenectomy** are prone to CAP caused by:
Strep Pneumonaie
H.Influenza
157
Emergency Management of Acute Asthma Attack:
Albutorol (SABA)
158
The **Lambert-Eaton syndrome** (myasthenic syndrom) is seen in:
Small Cell Lung CA
159
**Cor pulmonale**
Enlargment and transformation of the **Rt Ventricle** due to the persistent **Pulmonary HTN**
160
most common virus that causes **crou**_p_**** is
****_p_**arainfluenza virus**
161
unique paraneoplastic syndrome for
**Squamous Cell Lung** CA is:
**HyperCalcemia**
**elevated PTH**
162
The most definitive Asthma test is:
**Methylcholine Challange test aka bronchial provocation** test.
**FEV1** which decreases by 20% or more is considered positive for Asthma.
163
**Subpleural blebs / perenchychyma bullae** are seen in X ray of:
Emphysema pt.
164
Lf Lung has ______ lobes
TWO
165
**Rapid doubling** of pulmonary nodule in less than 30 days is indicative of:
Infectious cause
166
Acute cough lasts:
**under 3** weeks.
167
Chronic cough last:
over 8 weeks.
168
Gold Standard for visualizing PE
Lung Arteriography
169
Pinck Puffers is associated with
Emphysema
170
**"Atypical bacteria"** that causes CAP are:
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Legionella pneumopilia **-**
Chlamydia **-**
171
Tx and prophylaxis of pneumonia in AIDS pt (CD4\<200) is:
causative organism is ***pneumocystisi jiroveci***
**Bactrum**
172
The main side effect of **Octreotide scintigraphy** / **somatostatin receptor scintigraphy**
**Gall Stones**
173
**Atopic Triad** is:
associated with Asthama and includes:
wheeze
echzema
rhinitis
174
Extrapulmonary TB is known as:
***Pott's*** disease
most common in Thoracic spine (Tuberculous spondylitis)
175
CAP in pt with COPD is caused by
***H.Influenza***
176
Hepatitis, **peripheral neuropathy** is seen in what TB drug?
**Isoniazid**
177
S P H E R E of lung CA complication is:
**S**. SVC compression
**P**. Pancostal/Apical lung tumor: *compressing brachial plexus, cervical sympathetics.*
**H**. Horner's syndrome: *unilateral ptosis, miosis (pupil constriction), facial anhidrosis (inability to sweat)*
**E.** *Endorcine (Carcinoid syndrome)*
**R.** *Recurrent laryngeal nerve danage (horse voice)*
**E**. Effusion (exudate)
178
Distinguishing feature of **empyema** on X ray is:
A decubitus X-ray does not layer out.
179
Most agressive type of lung cancer is:
Small Cell
180
Diffuse interstitial infiltrates (known as g**round glass appearance**) is seen in:
Pneumocystis Pneumonia caused by
***Pneumocystis jiroveci***
seen in AIDS pt.
Abx of choic is **Bactrum**
181
TB testing is done through:
**Acid-fast bacilli stain**
182
Mechanism of Action of Beta Agonist (Albutorol)
Acts on Beta**2** receptors of bronchial muscles \> eflux of Ca ions \> **bronchial relaxation.**
183
**Mild Persisten** Asthma is:
\>2 episodes per week
3-4 night episdoses per month
tx: Daily Low-Dose inhailed coricosteroids (**Beclomethasone, fluticasone, budesonide**)
184
causative organism for **croup**
parainfluenza
185
Lung CA linked to asbestos exposure is known as:
**Mesothelioma**
186
Diagnosis of **Interstitial Pulm Fibrosis** requries:
Lugn biopsy
187
**octreotide scintigraphy** is used to detect:
**Carcinoid tumors**
188
Horizontal/minor fissure devides:
**Rt lung into upper and middle lobes.**
189
Exam signs of pleural effusion:
**Dullness to percussion**
Decreased breath sounds
Dicreased fremitus (vibrations feld with hands upon pt's saying blue moon or 99)
190
CAP in pt with Cystic Firbrosis is often caused by:
***Pseudomonas***
191
Blue **B**loaters are associated with
Chronich **B**ronchitis
192
Alcoholics
Current jelly sputum
CAP caused by ***Klebsiella pneumoniea***
193
Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease is aslo known as:
**Aspirin / Samter's** triad
194
sx of **Emphysema**:
Barrel Chest
Air intrampment
Decreased lung sounds
**Exersional Dyspnea**
**no cough (unlike in chronic bronchitis)**
**icreased AP diameter**
**use of accessory muscle**
195
Tx for Pertusis is:
**_Macrlide:_**
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
_**PM** (Pertussis=Macrolides)_
Erradicate the pathogen but do not stop the coughing
196
Pathophysiology of Emphysema:
Loss of alveolar attachments
Decrease of elastic recoil
197
Trachia bifurcates at the level of:
**T 4**
198
Aspirin Tria / Samter's triad:
Nasal Polyps
Nonallergic induced asthma
Aspirin Sensitivity
199
Positive egophony test is:
**"ee"** said by a pt is heard as an **"A"** by a provider through the stethoscope
positive egophony is a sign of consolidation seen in lobar pneumonia
200
Features of Small Cell Lung Carcinoma:
Very aggressive
produces multiple mets
**increased risk with Smoking**
Produces Paraneoplastic syndrome:
**Cushing**
**SIADH**
201
X ray findings correlating to Pneumothorax are:
Visceral pleural line/air seen on
## Footnote
**End expiratory chest X ray.**
202
Tx for PE
3-6 months
Heparin to Coumadin bridge for goal INR of 2-3
203
**Momemtasone furoate** is
an i**nhaled low-dose corticosteroid**
204
The causative microrganism for pleural empyema are:
**Staphylococcus aureus**, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, and H. influenza
205
X ray findins of Sacroidosis
Ground glass shadows
Hilar Adenopathy (potatoe nodules)
206
Bronchodilator Challenge (Albuterol) will produced what changes in Asthma pt?
**FEV1** will improve by at least **12% and 200 ml**
207
Which Spirometry Parameters are usually abnormal in Asthma pt?
Decreased **FEV1**
Decreased **PEFR** (peak exparatory flow rate)
208
Tx for Tension pnuemothorax is:
**Needle decompression** at 2nd interspace and MCL
209
**Obstructive** Pulm Disease include:
Asthma
COPD
Cystic Fibrosis
Bronchiectasis
210
Pulm HTN are diagnosed with what criteria:
**Rt sided heart catherization:**
-mean pulmonary artery pressure **\> 25 mm** at rest or
**\>30 mm** during exercise
211
Lower border of the lung is at the level of
**T10**
212
Positive **Light Criteria** is indicative of:
**Exudate Pleural Effusion**
caused by increased protein or LDH in the pleural fluid.
Seen in: infections, malignancies, trauama
213
causes of Transudate Effusion:
CHF (most common)
Cirrhosis
Renal dz
214
Severe hyponatremia in the setting of a lung cancer is known as:
SIAD
paraneoplastic syndrome seen in Small Cell CA
215
CAP in child \<1 y.o is usually due to:
CAP in child 2-5 y.o is usually due to:
1 y.o: **RSV**
2-5 y.o: **Parainfluenza**
216
what interspace is usually used for Thoracentesis
**Seventh**
217
Lung CA that is most common among people who **DO NOT smoke**
**Adenocarcinoma**
218
**Horner's syndrome:**
_unilateral_
**ptosis** (upper eye lid dropping)
**miosis** (excessive pupil constriction),
**facial anhidrosis** (inability to sweat)
219
Definition of **Pneumoconiosis**
restrictive lung disease caused by inhalation of specific type of dust.
Macrophages ingest foreing particles producing cell injudry and death
220
CAP with comorbidities is treated with
***Fluroquinolons.***
221
**paradoxical exacerbation of hypercoagulability**
is seen in:
If warfarin is given orally for the 1st time w/o any additioinal anticoagulation medicine
(that increases the likelihood of thrombososis)
222
Chest pain in PE ___________ with inspiration
Worsens
223
Most important Spiromentry component in evaluating ASTHMA is:
**FEV1**
_Forced Experotary Volume in 1 second._
224
which pulmonary conditions produce hyperresonance to percusion?
COPD
ASTHMA
Pnumothroax
conditions which involve hyperinflation of the lung
225
Definition of Nosocomial/Hospital Aquired pneumonia is:
Onset of pneumonia **72 hours after** hospitalization
226
Residual cough in Pertussis that may last up to 100 days occures in what phase?
**Convalescent**
227
X ray finding corresponding to Bronchiactasis are:
**Tram-track or ring-like markings**
**Honeycombing markings**
228
Tx for recurrent pneumothorax for pt who are not surgical candidates are:
Sclerotherapy with:
Talc or Doxycycline
229
Most lung nodules are:
not malignant
## Footnote
***infectious granulomas***
230
Common sites for lung mets are:
Bone
Brain
Adrenal gland
Liver
231
what is a typical anticoagulation protocol
**Heparin** first for one week
**Warfarin** in 3 days for 6 months
232
**Pedunculated and sessile** tumor are usually discriptive of:
**Carcinoid tumors**
aka
**Carcinoid adenoma**
**Bronchial Gland Tumors**
233
Most common organism that causes CAP is:
Strep Pneumoniae **+**
234
Tx for pulmonary HTN:
Vasodilators (prostoglandins)
Lung transplants
CCB
235
Tx for COPD:
1. Iprotropiu - anticholenergic (SAMA)
2. albuterol - beta agonist (SABA)
3. inhailed steroids - budesonide
4. abx: bactrum, augmentin, doxycycline
5. influenza and pneumococal vaccine
236
Persistent mucopurulent sputum with foul smell
chronic cough are manifistations of:
Bronchiectasis
237
Total Volume Capacity (TVC) =
**Residual Volume + Forcied Vital Capacity**
**TVC=RV+FVC**
238
**Advair** is
a combined **low-dose inhaled corticosteroid** and **long acting beta agonist**
239
"Typical bacteria that causes" CAP are:
Strep Pneumoniae **+**
H. Influenza **-**
M. Catarrhalisb**-**
240
Small Cell Lung CA
vs
Non Small Cell Lung CA
**Small cell:** more agressive, _mets at diagnosis_
**Non Small cell:** more amenable to treatment
241
**Relenza/Zanamivir**
Inhailed medication **antiviral**
Approved for 7 years and older
242
Alpha antitrypsin deficiency leads to
Emphysema
243
Sx of Tuberculosis include:
cough
night sweats
weight loss
hemoptysis
**post-tussive rales**
244
Long use of **theophylline** leads to
V tach
245
**calcified pleural plaques** on the lateral chest wall
is suggestive of
**Asbestosis**
246
**Bronchiaectasis**
**Irreversible dilation/distruction** of bronchial tubes
247
Influenza swab test is known as:
**Ag test**
