Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

1 casue of ARDS is:

A

Sepsis

chemical exposure

burns

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2
Q

viruses that often cause acute Bronchitis are:

A

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Rhinovirus

Influenza

Corona

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3
Q

Unique paraneplastic syndrome for Adenocarcinoma is:

A

Thromboplebitis

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4
Q

Erythema Nodosum is often seen in what pulmonary condition?

A

Sarcoidosis

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5
Q

Trasudate vs. Exudate Effusion

A

Transudate__Exudate

total fluid protein: <3 g >3

fluid prot / serum prot: 0.5 0.5

fluid LDH/ serum LDH 0.6 0.6

causes CHF Malign

Renal

Cirrhosis

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6
Q

Atopy is:

A

Asthma predisposing factor.

genetic predipsoition to developm IgE in response to allergen.

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7
Q

CAP in HIV/AIDS pt is often caused by:

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Fungal

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8
Q

Signs and sx of pulmonary HTN:

A

Fatigue

Dyspnea on exersion

substernal chest pain

edema

Rt heart enlargement seen on ECG, Echo, chest X ray.

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9
Q

Immediate Asthmatic Response is:

A

causes immediate bronchoconstriction

reversed by SABA

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10
Q

Sx of Tension Pneumothorax:

A

Hypotension

Pleuritic Pain

Low Oxygen saturation

Distened JV

Diminished breath sounds

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11
Q

Definition of a lung mass is:

A

>3 cm.

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12
Q

Moderate Persistent Asthma:

A

Daily episodes

>1 night episodes per week.

tx: Inhaled Corticosteroids + LABA (salmeterol)

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13
Q

COPD tx that increases survival is:

A

Supplemental O2

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14
Q

Treatment for CAP is

A

Doxycycline

or

Macroclides:

clarithromycin

azitrhomycn (Z pack)

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15
Q

Nasal Polyps

Chloride sweat test

Recurrent pneumonia

Fecal fat test

should make you think of:

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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16
Q

Diminished lung sounds are seen in what COPD?

A

Empysema

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17
Q

Pertussis stage that involves flu like symptoms (fever, nasal congestion, sneezing) is known as:

A

Catarrhal Stage

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18
Q

Facial Edema

Distended JV

in a pt with lung CA should make you think of:

A

SVC syndrome

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19
Q

Side effect of TB drugs:

Isoniazid

Rifampin

Ethambutol

Pyrazinamide

A

Isoniazid - peripheral neuropathy (corrected with B6)

Rifampin - orange bodily fluids, hepatitis

Ethambutol - Optic neuritis, red-green blindness

Pyrazinamide - hyperuricemia

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20
Q

Orthomyxovirus is also known as:

A

Influenza

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21
Q

Berryliosis pneumoconioses X ray findings are:

A

Hilar adenopathy

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22
Q

In smoke inhalation / carbon dioxide poisoning

it is crucial to order which test?

A

Carboxyhemoglobin

True O2 sat = O2 sat - Carboxyhemoglobin

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23
Q

Light Criteria includes:

A

Effusion protein is 50% or more of serum protein

e.i effusion pretein / serum protein is >0.5

Effusion LDH is 60% or more of serum protein

e.i effusion LDH / serum LDH is > 0.6

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24
Q

Ghon/Ranke focus/complex

A

seen in TB:

focus-sign of healed primary infection

complexe-focus plus hilar adenopathy

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25
**Caseating/necrotizing** granulomas are:
biopsy result correlating to TB
26
Lung sound assosiated with Bronchitis:
Rhonchi Wheezes that go away with coughing Crackles **No Rales**
27
Features of Mantoux testing:
measure induration and NOT the erythema measure in 48-72 hours after the shot Purified protein derivative indicative of exposure not necessarily active disease
28
X-Ray findins of TB include:
**Cavitation** - signs of primary disease Homogeneous infiltrates Upper/Apex distributation **Chon/Ranke** focus/comlex - healed primary infection
29
Example of Short Acting Agonist **(SABA)** Example of Long Short Acting Agonist **(LABA)**
Albutorol **(SABA)** Salmeterol, Formoterol **(LABA)**
30
**Reyes syndrome** can be produced if:
a child who hase influenza A/B or Varicella (Chicken pox) treated with **Aspirin**
31
leaking capillaries which result in **spilling of protein** into plueral cavity lead to:
**Exudate Pleural Effusion.** **Positive Light's criteria**
32
CAP in Student is most often caused by:
***Mycoplasma pnemoniae*** ***Chlamydia***
33
Hospital/Nosocomial pneumonia are caused by which organisms:
***Pseudomonas*** ***S.Aureus*** ***Klebsiella*** ***E.Coli*** ***Enterobacter***
34
**Sacroidosis** is:
systemic disease seen often in African blacks and Northern European granulomas throughout the body including lungs
35
**Blunting of Costophrenic** seen on chest X-Ray is a sign of:
Pleural effusion.
36
Pnemocystis Pneumonia is caused by
***Pneumocystis jiroveci***
37
Exam signs of **lobar / consolidated pneumonia**:
**+ bronchophony** (spoken words a heard louder) **+ egophony** ( "ee" is heard as an "A") **+ whispered pectoriloquy** (whispered words are heard louder and clear)
38
Classical X ray finding corresponding to Epiglottitis is:
**Thumbprint sign** on lateral C spine film
39
Distinguishing feature of COPD is
productive cough Blue bloaters
40
COPD pt with SVT should be treated with:
CCB ## Footnote **(not Adenosine)**
41
Active TB tx is:
**Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutal, Pyrazinamide** x 2 months
42
**Pursed lips** breathing is seen in pt's with:
emphysema
43
Healthy lung tissue sounds _____ to percussion
Resonant
44
1 treatment for COPD is:
**Smoking Cessation** **Supplimental O2**
45
**FEV1/FVC \< 75%** is a predictor of:
_Obstructive Pulm Disease_: ## Footnote **COPD or ASTHMA**
46
PE will often produce respiratory \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
**alkolosis**
47
red coloring of the urine and other secretions (saliva, tears, stool), hepatic toxicity is seen in what TB drug?
**Rifampicin**
48
non-necrotizing granulomatous finding on lung biopsy suggests what pathology?
Sarcoidosis
49
**Uveitis** is seen in what pulmonary conditoin? (inflammation of the middle layer of the eye)
Sacroidosis
50
Oblique/major fissure devides:
**Left lung into**: upper and inferior lobes **Right lung into**: upper, middle and lower lobes
51
X ray findings seen in Acute Resp Distress syndrome:
Bilat infiltrates that spare costophrenic angles normal heart
52
**Acute** Cor Pulmonale caused by **Chronic** Cor Pulmonale caused by
PE \> acute Cor Pulmonale COPD \> Pulm HNT \> chronich Cor Pulmonale
53
**Carcinoid syndrome** is:
**diarrhea** **flushing** **Telangiectasia** (visible small linear red blood vessels )
54
What importat diet modification should be made to pt with cystic fibrosis?
**Fat-soluble vitamin supplements**
55
Location of Lung Cancers:
**Large cell & Adeno**: Peripheral location (LA=costal) **Small cell, squamous:** central location (S=Sentral)
56
Crackles and wheezes that clear with coughing are indicative of:
Bronchitis
57
Subacute cough last:
3-8 weeks
58
Hepatotoxic (rare), hyperuricemia is seen in what TB drug?
**Pyrazinamide**
59
Aspergilloma may be seen in the lungs after what conditon?
TB
60
Inhalation of car fume causes
**Carbon monoxide** poisoning
61
**Intermittent/Controlled** Asthma is defined as:
\<2 episodes per week and \<2 night episode per month tx: SABA (**Albutorol**) PRN
62
Late Asthmatic Response is:
occures 4-12 h after the initial onset infux of inflammatory cells produces **irreversible** bronchial hyperplasia
63
**Tension Pneumothorax** is often caused by:
**Penetrating** truama
64
Mesothelioma originates from:
**Pleural lining** - majority Peritoneal lining
65
Afib in a pt with COPD should be treated with:
CCB ## Footnote **(not Beta blockers)**
66
Most common sx of a PE is:
**Tachycardia**
67
_Non Small Cell Lung Cancer_ includes:
**S**quamous **A**denocarcinoma **L**arge Cell **(SALc)**
68
**_Silicosis pneumoconioses_** and **_Coal Workers_ pneumoconioses** produce what X ray findings:
**Nodular opacities / "eggshell"** with calcification in the appex of the lungs
69
**Silicosis pneumoconioses** has a high risk of
**TB development**
70
Etiology of Bronchitis is:
viral
71
what is the potential danage of performing Laryngoscopy in a pt. with Acute Epiglotitis?
Airway spasm. Should only be done in OR setting.
72
CAP in pt with AIDS (CD4\<200) immonosuppressed pt is caused by
***Pneumocystitis jiroveci*** (PCP)
73
Diagnostitc test for pertussis is:
PCR
74
X ray finding corresponding to Mesothelioma are:
_Unilateral_ **irregular , nodular pleural thickening** **hemmorhagic pleural effusion**
75
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy is often seen in:
Sacroidosis
76
**Dullness to lung percussio**n is indicative of:
consolidation/effusion
77
sx of Chronic Bronchitis:
Excessive mucous secretion Chronic cough Rales, ronchi, wheezes Cyonosis
78
Which lung conditions produce dullness to percussion?
Pleural effusion Tumor Fibrosis pneumonia **other condtions where air is being replaced.**
79
Most common cause of Pulmonary HTN is:
Secondary causes: ## Footnote **COPD** **Scleroderma**
80
Definition of lung **nodule/lesion** is:
\<3 cm.
81
**Rust Colored sputum** Single rigor
CAP caused by ***S.Pneumoniae***
82
Pertussis is seen in what age group?
children\<2 y.o
83
**Hyper resonance** to percussion is a signs of:
Pneumothorax ASTHMA COPD
84
Consolidated pneumonia \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tactile fremitus.
Increase
85
CAP in a PT with **spleenectomy** is often casued by:
***S.pneumoniae*** ***H.Influenza***
86
Unique breathing sound that corralates to **upper respiratory obstruction** is known as:
***Stridor***
87
Optic neuritis, difficulty distinguishing between blue and green is seen in what TB drug?
**Ethambutol:**
88
**Tram-track or ring-like markings** **Honeycombing markings** X ray findings corresponding to:
Bronchiectasis
89
**Sx of Reye's** syndrome inlcude:
CNS sx. liver failure
90
Cough for 3 or more month/year x 2 years is known as:
Chronic Bronchitis / COPD
91
**Reid index:**
meausures mucus gland layer on the bronchial wall Reid index is \>50% seen in chronic bronchitis pt.
92
Treatment for croup
Steroids
93
Rt. Lung has ___ lobes
Three
94
Contraindication to Flue vaccine is:
**Egg allergy** febrile illness Thrombocytopenia
95
CAP caused in **air conditioning / aerosolized water** is usually secondary to what microrganism?
*_Legionella pneumophia_*
96
**Barrel Chest** is seen in
Emphysema
97
sx of **Idiopathy Pulmonary Fibrosis**
Inspiratory Crackles patchy fibrosis reduces lung volume reduced FVC inreased FEV**1** / FVC
98
most common cause of **Acute Resp Distress syndrome** is:
**sepsis**
99
**Contralateral mediastinal and tracheal deviation** seen on X ray is a sign of:
Tension Pneumothorax.
100
**Lupus pernio** purple lesion around the nose are often seen in what pulmonary conditoin?
Sarcoidosis
101
X ray findings corresponding to Asthma is:
**Hyperinflated lungs**
102
Prevention of Pertussis is?
**Tdap**
103
X ray findings seen in Chronic Bronchitis:
Increased pulmonary markings
104
Laten TB tx:
**Isoniazid** x 9 m Rifopentine
105
**Berryliosis** is associated with:
Space / high tech fields
106
Major complication of Bronchiectasis is:
**Recurrent pnemonia**
107
Walking pnumonia is seen in:
students casued by: ***Mycoplasma pneumniae***
108
Sx of Bronchiectasis are:
**Foul smelling sputum** **Excessive sputum production** **recurrent pnemonia URI** **bilateral crackles**
109
Best diagnostic test for Bronchiectasis is:
CT will show: thickened bronchial walls with dialated airways.
110
Rt. Axis Deviation RVH RAE are seen in which pulmonary condtion:
Pulmonary HTN
111
Description of a typical pt with **primary spontaneous pneumothorax**:
Male Tall Thin Smoking Basketball player
112
**Actue epiglottitis** is caused most offten by:
***Haemophilus influenza type B*** ***Strep*** ***Staph***
113
**Rale/Crackles** are heard in which pulmonary condtions
Pneumonia Fibrosis **Crackles are non musical / discontinuous**
114
**Severe Persistent** Asthma:
daily and nightly tx: **Inhaled Corticosteroids + LABA +oral steroids**
115
Sensitivity to organic materials (birds, hay, fungus) is known as
**Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis**
116
Most Carcinoid tumors are located in:
**GI and Lungs**
117
**Non-caseating granulom**as are:
Biopsy results corresponding to ***sacroidosis***
118
Normal Respiratory Rate (RR) is
**14-20**
119
Pneumonia caused by **Legionella** is often seen in conjunction with:
**GI sx:** diarrhea n/v
120
X ray findings corresponding to PE:
atelectasis at the basis **Western'smark signs** (local vasoconstriction) **Hampton's hump** (wedge articfact/ifarct distal to occlusion)
121
Positive Criteria for Mantoux test:
**Positive IF:** \>5 mm if pt immunosuppressed \>10 mm if pt has known risk factor or less then 4 y.p \>15 mm if pt has no known risk factors
122
What **FEV1/FVC** will pt with COPD and ASTHMA have
**FEV1/FVC \< 75%** adults **FEV1/FVC\<90%** children
123
FVC and TLC in Restrictive Pulm Disease are:
reduced
124
Asbestosis causes what kind of cancer:
**Non small cell CA** - most common **Mesothelioma -** unique
125
Tx for exersises induced Asthama is:
LABA: ## Footnote **salmeterol**
126
**Tactile Fremitus** is _________ in COPD Pleural Effusion Fibrosis Pneumothorax
***DECREASED*** these **_reduce_** the transmition of vibrations felt by the hand
127
**Cattarhal stage** of Perstusis is known as
the most contageous **C**atarrhal=**C**ongageous
128
Most common histological type of lung cancer is:
**Adenocarcinoma**
129
Tx for acute Epiglottis is:
3rd generation cephalosporin: ***Cefuroxime*** ***Ceftriaxone*** Secure Airways = INTUBATE if needed
130
Tx for Berryliosis is
Chronic steroids
131
Pertussis stage that involves "whooping/high-pitched" cough is known as:
**Paroxysmal**
132
**Asthma Sx includes**
Cough SOB Wheezing Chest tightness
133
Sx of Epiglottitis:
Painfull swalling (odynophagia) Drolling Pt. leaning forward (Tripod position) Stridor
134
Prevention of Epiglottitis is:
**Hib** vaccination (against Heamophilus influezae type b)
135
The risk of **Sudden Infant Death Syndrome** is increased in
Maternal Smoking during pregnancy
136
**SIADH and Cushing's** are typical of which lung CA?
**Small Cell CA**
137
X ray finding corresponding to Emphysyma:
Flattened diaphragms (signs of hyperinflated lungs) **Parenchyma bullae** Decreased lung markings at apex Hyperlucency of the lungs (signs of hyperinflating)
138
COPD consisits of:
Chronich Bronchitis and Emphysema
139
Phathophisiology of Emphysema:
lung fibrosis loss of elastic recoil properties
140
**Tamiflu/Oseltamivir**
Antiviral (influenza A & B) must be given w/i the first 48 hours Oral medication Aproved for **1 y.o** and older.
141
**Acute Resp Distess Syndrome**
Pulmonary insult **w/o Cardiac Failure** most often seen in ICU
142
Most common congenital cause of bronchiectasis is:
**Cystic Fibrosis**
143
College student **_Bullous myringitis:_** acute otitis media involving vesicles on typmanic membrane
CAP caused by ***Mycoplasma pneumoniae***
144
Exam findins suggestive of pneumonia:
**Positive Egophony** (E\>A) **Increased Tactile Fremitus** (fibration felt with hands) **Rales**
145
**Non - ceseating granulomas** Erythema nodosume Enlarged parotid glands\>hyperCalcemia are typically seen in:
**Sacroidosis**
146
Pathophysiology of Chronic Bronchitis:
Smooth muscle hypertrophy Over activity of mucus glands Loss of cillia Mucus build up
147
**Serevent Diskus** is a long-acting beta agonist
long-acting beta agonist (LABA)
148
**Pertussis** is caused by:
***Bordetella pertusisi*** **-**
149
what immunizations are advised for pnemocosies?
**Neumococcal** and **Influenza**
150
Wheezes and Rhonci are heard in:
COPD ASTHMA
151
**Egg shell calcification** seen on X ray are suggestive of
**Sillicosis**
152
Pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis:
loss of cellia mucus hypersecretion decreased mucus removal obstructions and inflammation
153
154
Unique paranepolastic syndrome for Large Cell CA is:
**Gynocomastia**
155
Intermittent Mild Persistent Moderate Persistent Severe Persistent
1. SABA 2. low ICS 3. low ICS+LABA 4. mid ICS + LABA 5. high ICS + LABA 6. high ICS + LABA + oral steroids
156
Pt with **spleenectomy** are prone to CAP caused by:
Strep Pneumonaie H.Influenza
157
Emergency Management of Acute Asthma Attack:
Albutorol (SABA)
158
The **Lambert-Eaton syndrome** (myasthenic syndrom) is seen in:
Small Cell Lung CA
159
**Cor pulmonale**
Enlargment and transformation of the **Rt Ventricle** due to the persistent **Pulmonary HTN**
160
most common virus that causes **crou**_p_**** is
****_p_**arainfluenza virus**
161
unique paraneoplastic syndrome for **Squamous Cell Lung** CA is:
**HyperCalcemia** **elevated PTH**
162
The most definitive Asthma test is:
**Methylcholine Challange test aka bronchial provocation** test. **FEV1** which decreases by 20% or more is considered positive for Asthma.
163
**Subpleural blebs / perenchychyma bullae** are seen in X ray of:
Emphysema pt.
164
Lf Lung has ______ lobes
TWO
165
**Rapid doubling** of pulmonary nodule in less than 30 days is indicative of:
Infectious cause
166
Acute cough lasts:
**under 3** weeks.
167
Chronic cough last:
over 8 weeks.
168
Gold Standard for visualizing PE
Lung Arteriography
169
Pinck Puffers is associated with
Emphysema
170
**"Atypical bacteria"** that causes CAP are:
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Legionella pneumopilia **-** Chlamydia **-**
171
Tx and prophylaxis of pneumonia in AIDS pt (CD4\<200) is: causative organism is ***pneumocystisi jiroveci***
**Bactrum**
172
The main side effect of **Octreotide scintigraphy** / **somatostatin receptor scintigraphy**
**Gall Stones**
173
**Atopic Triad** is:
associated with Asthama and includes: wheeze echzema rhinitis
174
Extrapulmonary TB is known as:
***Pott's*** disease most common in Thoracic spine (Tuberculous spondylitis)
175
CAP in pt with COPD is caused by
***H.Influenza***
176
Hepatitis, **peripheral neuropathy** is seen in what TB drug?
**Isoniazid**
177
S P H E R E of lung CA complication is:
**S**. SVC compression **P**. Pancostal/Apical lung tumor: *compressing brachial plexus, cervical sympathetics.* **H**. Horner's syndrome: *unilateral ptosis, miosis (pupil constriction), facial anhidrosis (inability to sweat)* **E.** *Endorcine (Carcinoid syndrome)* **R.** *Recurrent laryngeal nerve danage (horse voice)* **E**. Effusion (exudate)
178
Distinguishing feature of **empyema** on X ray is:
A decubitus X-ray does not layer out.
179
Most agressive type of lung cancer is:
Small Cell
180
Diffuse interstitial infiltrates (known as g**round glass appearance**) is seen in:
Pneumocystis Pneumonia caused by ***Pneumocystis jiroveci*** seen in AIDS pt. Abx of choic is **Bactrum**
181
TB testing is done through:
**Acid-fast bacilli stain**
182
Mechanism of Action of Beta Agonist (Albutorol)
Acts on Beta**2** receptors of bronchial muscles \> eflux of Ca ions \> **bronchial relaxation.**
183
**Mild Persisten** Asthma is:
\>2 episodes per week 3-4 night episdoses per month tx: Daily Low-Dose inhailed coricosteroids (**Beclomethasone, fluticasone, budesonide**)
184
causative organism for **croup**
parainfluenza
185
Lung CA linked to asbestos exposure is known as:
**Mesothelioma**
186
Diagnosis of **Interstitial Pulm Fibrosis** requries:
Lugn biopsy
187
**octreotide scintigraphy** is used to detect:
**Carcinoid tumors**
188
Horizontal/minor fissure devides:
**Rt lung into upper and middle lobes.**
189
Exam signs of pleural effusion:
**Dullness to percussion** Decreased breath sounds Dicreased fremitus (vibrations feld with hands upon pt's saying blue moon or 99)
190
CAP in pt with Cystic Firbrosis is often caused by:
***Pseudomonas***
191
Blue **B**loaters are associated with
Chronich **B**ronchitis
192
Alcoholics Current jelly sputum
CAP caused by ***Klebsiella pneumoniea***
193
Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease is aslo known as:
**Aspirin / Samter's** triad
194
sx of **Emphysema**:
Barrel Chest Air intrampment Decreased lung sounds **Exersional Dyspnea** **no cough (unlike in chronic bronchitis)** **icreased AP diameter** **use of accessory muscle**
195
Tx for Pertusis is:
**_Macrlide:_** Erythromycin Azithromycin _**PM** (Pertussis=Macrolides)_ Erradicate the pathogen but do not stop the coughing
196
Pathophysiology of Emphysema:
Loss of alveolar attachments Decrease of elastic recoil
197
Trachia bifurcates at the level of:
**T 4**
198
Aspirin Tria / Samter's triad:
Nasal Polyps Nonallergic induced asthma Aspirin Sensitivity
199
Positive egophony test is:
**"ee"** said by a pt is heard as an **"A"** by a provider through the stethoscope positive egophony is a sign of consolidation seen in lobar pneumonia
200
Features of Small Cell Lung Carcinoma:
Very aggressive produces multiple mets **increased risk with Smoking** Produces Paraneoplastic syndrome: **Cushing** **SIADH**
201
X ray findings correlating to Pneumothorax are:
Visceral pleural line/air seen on ## Footnote **End expiratory chest X ray.**
202
Tx for PE
3-6 months Heparin to Coumadin bridge for goal INR of 2-3
203
**Momemtasone furoate** is
an i**nhaled low-dose corticosteroid**
204
The causative microrganism for pleural empyema are:
**Staphylococcus aureus**, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, and H. influenza
205
X ray findins of Sacroidosis
Ground glass shadows Hilar Adenopathy (potatoe nodules)
206
Bronchodilator Challenge (Albuterol) will produced what changes in Asthma pt?
**FEV1** will improve by at least **12% and 200 ml**
207
Which Spirometry Parameters are usually abnormal in Asthma pt?
Decreased **FEV1** Decreased **PEFR** (peak exparatory flow rate)
208
Tx for Tension pnuemothorax is:
**Needle decompression** at 2nd interspace and MCL
209
**Obstructive** Pulm Disease include:
Asthma COPD Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis
210
Pulm HTN are diagnosed with what criteria:
**Rt sided heart catherization:** -mean pulmonary artery pressure **\> 25 mm** at rest or **\>30 mm** during exercise
211
Lower border of the lung is at the level of
**T10**
212
Positive **Light Criteria** is indicative of:
**Exudate Pleural Effusion** caused by increased protein or LDH in the pleural fluid. Seen in: infections, malignancies, trauama
213
causes of Transudate Effusion:
CHF (most common) Cirrhosis Renal dz
214
Severe hyponatremia in the setting of a lung cancer is known as:
SIAD paraneoplastic syndrome seen in Small Cell CA
215
CAP in child \<1 y.o is usually due to: CAP in child 2-5 y.o is usually due to:
1 y.o: **RSV** 2-5 y.o: **Parainfluenza**
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what interspace is usually used for Thoracentesis
**Seventh**
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Lung CA that is most common among people who **DO NOT smoke**
**Adenocarcinoma**
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**Horner's syndrome:**
_unilateral_ **ptosis** (upper eye lid dropping) **miosis** (excessive pupil constriction), **facial anhidrosis** (inability to sweat)
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Definition of **Pneumoconiosis**
restrictive lung disease caused by inhalation of specific type of dust. Macrophages ingest foreing particles producing cell injudry and death
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CAP with comorbidities is treated with
***Fluroquinolons.***
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**paradoxical exacerbation of hypercoagulability** is seen in:
If warfarin is given orally for the 1st time w/o any additioinal anticoagulation medicine (that increases the likelihood of thrombososis)
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Chest pain in PE ___________ with inspiration
Worsens
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Most important Spiromentry component in evaluating ASTHMA is:
**FEV1** _Forced Experotary Volume in 1 second._
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which pulmonary conditions produce hyperresonance to percusion?
COPD ASTHMA Pnumothroax conditions which involve hyperinflation of the lung
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Definition of Nosocomial/Hospital Aquired pneumonia is:
Onset of pneumonia **72 hours after** hospitalization
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Residual cough in Pertussis that may last up to 100 days occures in what phase?
**Convalescent**
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X ray finding corresponding to Bronchiactasis are:
**Tram-track or ring-like markings** **Honeycombing markings**
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Tx for recurrent pneumothorax for pt who are not surgical candidates are:
Sclerotherapy with: Talc or Doxycycline
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Most lung nodules are:
not malignant ## Footnote ***infectious granulomas***
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Common sites for lung mets are:
Bone Brain Adrenal gland Liver
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what is a typical anticoagulation protocol
**Heparin** first for one week **Warfarin** in 3 days for 6 months
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**Pedunculated and sessile** tumor are usually discriptive of:
**Carcinoid tumors** aka **Carcinoid adenoma** **Bronchial Gland Tumors**
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Most common organism that causes CAP is:
Strep Pneumoniae **+**
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Tx for pulmonary HTN:
Vasodilators (prostoglandins) Lung transplants CCB
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Tx for COPD:
1. Iprotropiu - anticholenergic (SAMA) 2. albuterol - beta agonist (SABA) 3. inhailed steroids - budesonide 4. abx: bactrum, augmentin, doxycycline 5. influenza and pneumococal vaccine
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Persistent mucopurulent sputum with foul smell chronic cough are manifistations of:
Bronchiectasis
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Total Volume Capacity (TVC) =
**Residual Volume + Forcied Vital Capacity** **TVC=RV+FVC**
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**Advair** is
a combined **low-dose inhaled corticosteroid** and **long acting beta agonist**
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"Typical bacteria that causes" CAP are:
Strep Pneumoniae **+** H. Influenza **-** M. Catarrhalisb**-**
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Small Cell Lung CA vs Non Small Cell Lung CA
**Small cell:** more agressive, _mets at diagnosis_ **Non Small cell:** more amenable to treatment
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**Relenza/Zanamivir**
Inhailed medication **antiviral** Approved for 7 years and older
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Alpha antitrypsin deficiency leads to
Emphysema
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Sx of Tuberculosis include:
cough night sweats weight loss hemoptysis **post-tussive rales**
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Long use of **theophylline** leads to
V tach
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**calcified pleural plaques** on the lateral chest wall is suggestive of
**Asbestosis**
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**Bronchiaectasis**
**Irreversible dilation/distruction** of bronchial tubes
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Influenza swab test is known as:
**Ag test**