Quantitative Study Design Flashcards
What is the purpose of the purpose statement in a quantitative study design?
The purpose statement serves as the foundation, informing measurement methods and statistical analyses. It is used for descriptive, predictive, and explanatory research problems.
Name the four elements of Experimental Design.
Experimental Design includes design participant selection and assignment, selecting independent and dependent variables, identifying appropriate statistical methods, and planning experimental procedures.
What is the primary goal of True Experimental Design, and where is it conducted?
True Experimental Design aims to identify cause-and-effect relationships and is conducted in a controlled environment to ensure internal validity.
What distinguishes a Quasi-Experimental Research Design from a True Experimental Design?
Quasi-Experimental Research lacks randomization, leading to lower internal validity but often higher external validity. It involves introducing an independent variable in real-world settings.
When is Pre‐Experimental Research Design used, and what challenges does it pose?
Pre‐Experimental Research Design is used when true experiments and quasi-experimental designs aren’t possible. It poses challenges to internal and external validity.
Define Pilot and Feasibility Studies in the context of research.
Pilot and Feasibility Studies are conducted to enhance the quality of Randomized Control Trials (RCT). Feasibility assesses practicality, while the pilot is a small-scale preliminary test of the main study feasibility.
What characterizes Non-Experimental Research Design?
Non-Experimental Research Design involves no randomization or manipulation of the independent variable. It is descriptive in nature, including cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.
What are the types of data in quantitative research, and how are they measured?
Data types include Discrete, Continuous, Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio. Measurement methods involve observation techniques (direct, indirect, participant), measurement techniques (physical, cognitive, affective), and questioning techniques (structured/unstructured questionnaire, checklist, structured/unstructured interview, Delphi Technique).
Define Validity in quantitative research and its types.
Validity is confidence in inferences. Types include Face, Content, Construct, Concurrent, and Predictive Validity.
What is Internal Validity, and what are the threats to it?
Internal Validity is the correctness to infer a cause-and-effect relationship. Threats include local history, pre-testing, maturation, instrumentation, selection bias, statistical regression, mortality, John Henry effect, and binding effect.
What do Extraneous variables do in quantitative research?
Extraneous variables introduce unwanted variance and could be participant or external factors, potentially impacting the study’s outcome.
What is External Validity, and what are its classes?
External Validity refers to the generalizability of results. Classes include Population Validity and Ecological Validity.
What are the threats to External Validity?
Threats include pretesting sensitization, Hawthorne effect, over-generalizing, and expectancy (placebo effect).
What are the types of Probability Sampling?
Probability Sampling includes random selection, stratified random sampling, and systematic sampling.
What is Convenience Sampling, and when is Purposive Sampling used?
Convenience Sampling involves drawing a sample from familiar or convenient groups. Purposive Sampling is used by identifying units representing a characteristic of interest and includes methods like snowball sampling, quota sampling, and expert sampling.
