Quarter 4 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Quarter 4 Deck (63)
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1
Q

How many bonds can carbon form

A

4

2
Q

How many bonds can hydrogen form

A

1

3
Q

What kind of compounds have only single bonds

A

Alkane

4
Q

What kind of compound has at least one double bond

A

Alkene

5
Q

What kind of compound has at least one triple bond

A

Alkyne

6
Q

Energy is changed from ______ energy to _______ energy in a voltaic cell

A

Chemical to electrical

7
Q

What structure balances the charges in a voltaic cell

A

Salt bridge

8
Q

What causes the current to flow in an electrolytic cell

A

An outside source of flowing electrons

9
Q

A process that uses electric current to reduce dissolved metal cations so that they form a coherent metal coating on an electrode

A

Electroplating

10
Q

Oxidation occurs at the

A

Anode

11
Q

Reduction occurs at the

A

Cathode

12
Q

When an acid reacts with a base, what two compounds are formed

A

A salt and water

13
Q

What is the name for something that can act as both an acid and a base

A

Amphoteric

14
Q

Hydrogen ion donor

A

Acid

15
Q

Hydrogen ion acceptor

A

Base

16
Q

pH below 7

A

Acid

17
Q

pH above 7

A

Base

18
Q

Why is ice less sense than liquid water

A

The molecules are farther apart

19
Q

Dissolving medium

A

Solvent

20
Q

Dissolved particles

A

Solute

21
Q

Discrimination the process of solvation

A

Water molecules surround the solute particles to dissolve it

22
Q

What type of compound is always an electrolyte

A

Ionic

23
Q

Why does the pressure inside a container of gas increase if more gas is added to the container

A

More collisions

24
Q

Describe the relationship between volume and the pressure of gas

A

Inversely proportional relationship

25
Q

Describe the relationship between the temperature and the pressure of gas

A

Temp increases —> pressure increases

26
Q

The process that occurs when a gas escapes through a tiny hole in its container

A

Effusion

27
Q

Which Effuses the slowest

A

Smaller molar mass= Effuses faster

28
Q

Compare the atmospheric pressure above sea level and below sea level

A

Above: less
Below: high

29
Q

What causes the gas pressure inside a balloon

A

Colliding particles

30
Q

Why does a liquid’s rate of evaporation increase when the liquid is heated

A

Particles are moving faster

31
Q

Which two subatomic particles have roughly the same mass

A

Proton and neutron

32
Q

Where are the protons, neutrons, and electrons located in an atom

A

Protons and electrons: nucleus

Electrons: in orbitals around nucleus

33
Q

Which types of elements are mostly unreactive and why

A

Nobles Gases- they have already satisfied the octet rule

34
Q

When an electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower one, where does the extra energy go

A

It gives off light

35
Q

What is the difference between a group and a period

A

Period: energy levels
Group: valence electrons

36
Q

Which subatomic particle plays the greatest part in determining the possible bond types for an element

A

Electron

37
Q

How are cations formed

A

Loss of electrons in a metal

38
Q

How are anions formed

A

Gain of electrons in a non metal

39
Q

What is an ionic bond

A

Attraction between cations and anions

Metal and a nonmetal

40
Q

What is a single covalent bond

A

A bond formed by sharing a single pair of electrons

41
Q

What is a double covalent bond

A

A bond formed by sharing two pairs of electrons

42
Q

What types of elements are in an ionic compound

A

A metal and a non metal

43
Q

What are the two products formed when a hydrocarbon undergoes combustion

A

CO2 and H2O

44
Q

Single replacement reaction

A

Element + compound –> new element and new compound

45
Q

Double replacement reaction

A

2 ionic compounds –> 2 new compounds

46
Q

The coefficients in a balanced chemical reaction are directly proportional to what quantities

A

Moles

47
Q

Define “strong” as it relates to strong acids and strong bases

A

How well it ionizes in a solution

48
Q

A process used to determine the concentration of a solution in which a solution of know concentration is added to a measured amount of the solution of unknown concentration until the indicator signals the end point

A

Titration

49
Q

The measure of the change in concentration of the reactants or the change in concentration of the products per unit time

A

Reaction rate

50
Q

Activation energy

A

The minimum energy colliding particles must have in order to react

51
Q

Why does a catalyst cause a reaction to go faster

A

It lowers the activation energy

52
Q

A measure of the disorder of a system

A

Entropy

53
Q

During an endothermic chemical reaction, what is the source of energy that causes the reaction to continue

A

Heat from inside

54
Q

What happens to the temperature of a substance during phase change

A

Remains constant

55
Q

List three things that increase the rate of dissolving

A

Agitation, temperature, particle size

56
Q

Describe the relationship between the pressure and solubility of a gas that is dissolved in a liquid

A

Increasing pressure increases solubility

57
Q

Concentration

A

A measurement of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given quantity of solvent

58
Q

Why does dissolving a salt in water lower the freezing point of the water

A

It interferes with the formation of the crystal lattis

59
Q

What is the shape of a water molecule

A

Bent

60
Q

What holds water molecules together when it is in a liquid state

A

Hydrogen bonds

61
Q

Why does a higher temperature cause a reaction to go faster

A

Particles move faster

62
Q

Why does a higher concentration make a reaction faster

A

More collisions

63
Q

What is the direction of heat flow between two substances at different temperatures

A

Warm to cold