How many bonds can carbon form
4
How many bonds can hydrogen form
1
What kind of compounds have only single bonds
Alkane
What kind of compound has at least one double bond
Alkene
What kind of compound has at least one triple bond
Alkyne
Energy is changed from ______ energy to _______ energy in a voltaic cell
Chemical to electrical
What structure balances the charges in a voltaic cell
Salt bridge
What causes the current to flow in an electrolytic cell
An outside source of flowing electrons
A process that uses electric current to reduce dissolved metal cations so that they form a coherent metal coating on an electrode
Electroplating
Oxidation occurs at the
Anode
Reduction occurs at the
Cathode
When an acid reacts with a base, what two compounds are formed
A salt and water
What is the name for something that can act as both an acid and a base
Amphoteric
Hydrogen ion donor
Acid
Hydrogen ion acceptor
Base
pH below 7
Acid
pH above 7
Base
Why is ice less sense than liquid water
The molecules are farther apart
Dissolving medium
Solvent
Dissolved particles
Solute
Discrimination the process of solvation
Water molecules surround the solute particles to dissolve it
What type of compound is always an electrolyte
Ionic
Why does the pressure inside a container of gas increase if more gas is added to the container
More collisions
Describe the relationship between volume and the pressure of gas
Inversely proportional relationship
Describe the relationship between the temperature and the pressure of gas
Temp increases —> pressure increases
The process that occurs when a gas escapes through a tiny hole in its container
Effusion
Which Effuses the slowest
Smaller molar mass= Effuses faster
Compare the atmospheric pressure above sea level and below sea level
Above: less
Below: high
What causes the gas pressure inside a balloon
Colliding particles
Why does a liquid’s rate of evaporation increase when the liquid is heated
Particles are moving faster
Which two subatomic particles have roughly the same mass
Proton and neutron
Where are the protons, neutrons, and electrons located in an atom
Protons and electrons: nucleus
Electrons: in orbitals around nucleus
Which types of elements are mostly unreactive and why
Nobles Gases- they have already satisfied the octet rule
When an electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower one, where does the extra energy go
It gives off light
What is the difference between a group and a period
Period: energy levels
Group: valence electrons
Which subatomic particle plays the greatest part in determining the possible bond types for an element
Electron
How are cations formed
Loss of electrons in a metal
How are anions formed
Gain of electrons in a non metal
What is an ionic bond
Attraction between cations and anions
Metal and a nonmetal
What is a single covalent bond
A bond formed by sharing a single pair of electrons
What is a double covalent bond
A bond formed by sharing two pairs of electrons
What types of elements are in an ionic compound
A metal and a non metal
What are the two products formed when a hydrocarbon undergoes combustion
CO2 and H2O
Single replacement reaction
Element + compound –> new element and new compound
Double replacement reaction
2 ionic compounds –> 2 new compounds
The coefficients in a balanced chemical reaction are directly proportional to what quantities
Moles
Define “strong” as it relates to strong acids and strong bases
How well it ionizes in a solution
A process used to determine the concentration of a solution in which a solution of know concentration is added to a measured amount of the solution of unknown concentration until the indicator signals the end point
Titration
The measure of the change in concentration of the reactants or the change in concentration of the products per unit time
Reaction rate
Activation energy
The minimum energy colliding particles must have in order to react
Why does a catalyst cause a reaction to go faster
It lowers the activation energy
A measure of the disorder of a system
Entropy
During an endothermic chemical reaction, what is the source of energy that causes the reaction to continue
Heat from inside
What happens to the temperature of a substance during phase change
Remains constant
List three things that increase the rate of dissolving
Agitation, temperature, particle size
Describe the relationship between the pressure and solubility of a gas that is dissolved in a liquid
Increasing pressure increases solubility
Concentration
A measurement of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given quantity of solvent
Why does dissolving a salt in water lower the freezing point of the water
It interferes with the formation of the crystal lattis
What is the shape of a water molecule
Bent
What holds water molecules together when it is in a liquid state
Hydrogen bonds
Why does a higher temperature cause a reaction to go faster
Particles move faster
Why does a higher concentration make a reaction faster
More collisions
What is the direction of heat flow between two substances at different temperatures
Warm to cold