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Clinical Anatomy > Questions From (Some) Readings > Flashcards

Questions From (Some) Readings Flashcards

1
Q

How are head injuries related to death in the US?

A

10% of all deaths in the US are caused by head injuries, and approximately half of traumatic deaths involve the brain

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2
Q

What are neuralgias

A

characterized by severe throbbing or stabbing pain in the course of a nerve caused by a demyelinating lesion

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3
Q

What causes a black eye?

A

Example: Injury to superciliary arches
Fluid and blood that accumulate in surrounding connective tissue gravitates toward the superior eyelid and around the eye

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4
Q

What is malar flush?

A

Redness of skin covering cheeks(zygomatic process)

Associated with fevers in diseases such as TB and SLE

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5
Q

What are the names for factures of the maxillae?

A

Le Forte I (fracture so of maxillae)
Le Forte II (entire central part of face is separated from cranium)
Le Forte III ( zygomatic arches separate from rest of cranium)

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6
Q

How do fractures of the mandible generally occur?

A

Generally involves two fractures

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7
Q

What happens to alveolar bone following a tooth extraction?

A

It resorbs in the affected region. Tooth sockets begin to fill with bone.
In the mandible, the mental foramen lies near the superior border of the body of the mandible

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8
Q

What will hard blows to the calvaria usually result in?

A

Depressed factures:
Linear occur at point of impact
comminuted the bone is broken in several pieces
contercoup facture occurs on oppo side

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9
Q

Craniotomy

A

Surgical access to the cranial cavity and brain by elevating or removing a brain flap

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10
Q

anterior fontanelle

A

largest, diamond shaped; bounded by the halves of the frontal bone anteriorly. Future site of bregma

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11
Q

posterior fontanelle

A

triangular, future lambda suture

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12
Q

Primary craniosynotosis

A

premature closure of cranial sutures, resulting in several cranial malformations

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13
Q

Scaphoncephaly

A

premature closure of sagittal suture

long, narrow, wedge-shaped cranium

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14
Q

Plagiocephaly

A

premature closure of coronal or lambdoid suture

cranium is twisted and asymmetrical

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15
Q

Oxycephaly (turricephaly)

A

premature closure of the coronal suture

high tower like cranium

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16
Q

Process of deformed auricle

i.e. Cauliflower/ Boxer’s Ear

A

Bleeding within auricle produces hematoma between perichondrium and auricular cartilage. It compromises blood supply to the cartilage, if untreated fibrosis develops in the overlying skin

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17
Q

Otitis externa

A

inflammation of the external acoustic meatus

Swimmers ear, bacterial infection

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18
Q

Perforation of the tympanic membrane is one of several causes of…

A

middle ear deafness

large ruptures usually require surgical repair

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19
Q

Myringotomy

A

incision in tympanic membrane to release pus form middle ear abscesses

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20
Q

Mastoiditis

A

Inflammation of the mastoid process

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21
Q

Motion sickness results from

A

discordance between vestibular and visual stimulation

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22
Q

Injuries to the peripheral auditory system cause these three major symptoms:

A

hearing loss
vertigo
tinnitus

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23
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

resulting from anything in the external or middle ear that interfere with conduction or movement of the oval or round windows

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24
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

resulting from defects in pathway from cochlea to brain

25
Q

Meniere Syndrome

A

related to excess endolymph or blockage of endolymphatic duct

26
Q

Otic barotrauma

A

Injury to ear caused by imbalance in pressure between ambient air and air in middle ear

27
Q

Indirect traumatic injury that displaces the orbital walls is called a…

A

blowout fracture

28
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Protrustion of the eyeball

often from intra-orbital bleeding pressure

29
Q

Ptosis

A

Eyelid drooping

30
Q

Hyperemia of conjunctiva

A

local irritation

“pink eye” conjuncivitits

31
Q

Someone complaining of flashes of lights or specks floating in the eye might have

A

retinal detachment

32
Q

Pupillary light reflex involves with nerve?

A

CN II

First sign of compression of oculomotor nerve is ipsilateral slowness of pupillary response to light

33
Q

Uveitis

A

inflammation of the vascular layer of the eye, may progress to severe visual impairment

34
Q

Presbyopia

A

As people age their lenses become harder and more flattened, reducing the focusing power of the lens

35
Q

Coloboma of Iris

A

birth defect, in which the choroid fissure fails to close properly, or non-penetrating injuries to the eyeball

36
Q

Glaucoma

A

Pressure builds up in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye

37
Q

Absence of blinking when touching the cornea with a wisp of cotton suggest a lesion of what nerve?

A

CNV

possibly CN VII

38
Q

Horner Syndrome

A

interruption of a cervical sympathetic trunk and is manifested by absence of sympathetically stimulated functions of the ipsilateral side of the head.
Constriction of pupil, drooping of superior eyelid, redness and increased temp of skin, absence of sweating

39
Q

Blockage of the central artery of retina leads to..

A

instant and total blindness

40
Q

Blockage of central vein of retina

A

thrombophlebitis may result in passage of a thrombus to central retinal vein and produce blockage of small retina veins. Resulting in slow painless loss of vision

41
Q

Tarsal glands

A

produce a lipid secretion that lubricates the edges of the eyelids and prevents them from sticking together when they close

42
Q

Ciliary glands

A

large sebaceous glands associated with eyelashes

43
Q

Describe the chain of the lacrimal gland

A

Lacrimal gland secrete lacrimal fluid
Excretory ducts convey to conjunctival sac
Collect in lacrimal lake
Drains across to lacrimal canniculi. lacrimal puncta are the openings that drain to the
lacrimal sac
nasolacrimal canal conveys fluid to cavity inferior to inferior nasal concha

44
Q

Cerebral concussion

A

abrupt brief loss of consciousness immediately after a severe head injury

45
Q

Cerebral contusion

A

results from brain trauma in which the pia is stripped from in injured surface of the brain and may be torn, allowing blood to enter subarachnoid space

46
Q

Cisternal puncture

A

CSF may be obtained this way
Young children: cerebellomedullary cistern
Adults: lumbar cistern

47
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Overproduction of CSF, obstruction of CSF flow, or interference with absorption.
Dilates the ventricles and thins cortex. Separating the bones of calvaria in infants

48
Q

What is a way to distinguish CSF (leaking from fracture) from mucus?

A

Glucose levels of CSF reflect that of the blood

49
Q

Interruption of blood supply for 30 sec does what?
1-2 min?
after 5 min?

A

30sec- alters brain metabolism
1-2min- neural function may be lost
after 5min- cerebral infarction

50
Q

TIAs

A

Transient Ischemic Attacks
usually last only a few minutes
Increased risk of MI and ischemic stroke

51
Q

Lateral ventricle

A

The 1st and 2nd ventricles are the largest and occupy large areas or the cerebral hemispheres. Opens through interventricular foramen into 3rd ventricle

52
Q

3rd Ventricle

A

slit-like cavity between right and left halves of diencephalon. Is continuous postero-inferiorly with the cerebral aqueduct

53
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

narrow channel in midbrain connecting 3rd and 4th ventricles

54
Q

4th ventricle

A

posterior part of the pons and medulla, extends inferoposteriorly, continues as central canal

55
Q

CSF is secreted at what rate and from where?

A

400-500mL/day mainly by choroid epithelial cells of the choroid plexus in the lateral 3rd and 4th ventricles

56
Q

Main site of CSF absorption into the venous system

A

arachnoid granulations

57
Q

Torticollis

A

contraction or shortening of the cervical muscles that produce twisting of the neck and slanting of the head

58
Q

Venous air embolism

A

will fill right side of heart with froth, which nearly stops blood flow
Can occur if external jugular vein is severed in cervical region

Clinical Anatomy (17 decks)

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