Quiz 1 Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
Is ligin digestible?
A
NO
2
Q
What is the most important nutrient?
A
water
3
Q
horses need calcium to phosphorus ratio
A
2:1
4
Q
what is the hay analysis for horses
A
15 CP , 35 ADF , 45 NDF
5
Q
within 1 month of age, foals are introduced to
A
feed (grain)
6
Q
too much starch in the diet causes
A
acidosis (low pH)
7
Q
what is cortisol ?
A
stress hormone
8
Q
what does the hindgut consists of?
A
large colon, small colon, cecum
9
Q
where is the cecum?
A
right side
10
Q
how many times does the cecum empty
A
once every 2-3mins
11
Q
mineral oil is not digested
A
true
12
Q
where is fat located in cell
A
walls of plants/grass/plants
13
Q
horses do not have a high
A
fat requirement
14
Q
what organ do horses not have?
A
gailbladder
15
Q
because horses do not have a gallbladder they do not store what?
A
bile
16
Q
horses should be encouraged to drink what at all times?
A
water
17
Q
horses need a very small amount of _____ or it can kill them
A
selenium
18
Q
starch breakdown does not start in the
A
mouth
19
Q
horses salvia does not contain much
A
amylase
20
Q
when temp goes from hot to cold, horses will drink
A
less water
21
Q
horse meat is
A
sweet due to the horse storing glycogen in the muscle
22
Q
what does the foregut contain
A
stomach & small instestine
23
Q
horses are able to eat wheat that is not
A
fully developed (no seed head)
24
Q
horses are what type of nonruminant
A
herbivore
25
hindgut fermentation =
post gastric fermentation
26
post gastric fermentation means
after the stomach
27
what are spread throughout the whole digestive tract
microbes
28
where is fiber digested?
hindgut
29
continuous grazers (trickle feeders) are
horses eat small amounts frequently
30
how many hours will horses graze a day?
14 -16 hrs
31
what percent of the day are horses grazing ?
64%
32
how many teeth do female horses have?
36 (does not include wolf teeth)
33
how many teeth do males horses have?
40 (does not include wolf teeth)
34
How many wolf teeth do horses have?
1-4
35
Horses k-9 teeth are used for what?
fighting
36
teeth do what ____ & ___ to food
harvest & masticate
37
when the upper jaw is wider than lower jaw what will happen
uneven wear and sharp points on molars
38
sharp points on upper and lower jaw
Upper jaw: points on outside
Lower jaw :points on inside
39
parrot mouth is an
overbite
40
with parrot mouth, which tooth continues to grow
high crown tooth
41
feed is mixed with saliva to facilitate what?
chewing and deglutition
42
What are the 3 glands that produce saliva
parotid, submaxillary, sublingual
43
Submaxillary saliva gland is the
mandibular glands
44
sublingual saliva gland is
under the tongue
45
how many lbs of saliva do horses produce a day
85lbs per day, 10-12 liters/day or up to 40 liters
46
what is the average amount of chews does a grazing horse
60,000x a day
47
the number of chews will dictate what?
when/how much saliva will be produced
48
two main functions of saliva
lubrication for swallowing
buffering of stomach acids
49
hay diets will require more what?
saliva
50
buffering of stomach acids does what
helps control pH level (making it less acidic or increasing pH)
51
what happens to horses that chew less
they are more likely to have ulcers
52
how long is the esophagus
50-60 in (smaller than cows)
53
horses cannot what?
vomit
54
the strong cardiac sphincter valve is a
very strong muscle
55
the peristalsis is responsible for
motility
56
cecotropes
tightly bunched feces produced by the cecum
57
the stomach takes up what percent of the digestive system
10%
58
the small intestine takes up what percent of the digestive system
30%
59
the cecum takes up what percent of the digestive system
15%
60
the large and small colon take up what percent of the digestive system
45%
61
the stomach has the percent of capacity of the GIT
8-10%, can also stretch
62
the stomach produces mostly what?
HCl
63
what other things does the stomach produce
pepsin (protein) & lipase (lipid breakdown)
64
what does the stomach do even if it is empty?
secrete HCl
65
What does the bacteria in the stomach produce?
lactic acid and VFAs
66
How much time does it take the stomach to empty
15 min to 24 hours
67
foods that have a high density do what in the stomach?
stay longer
68
horses consume forage at least
every 6 hrs
69
the stomach is mostly empty after
6 hrs
70
all fibrous materials will pass in
12 hrs
71
horses should not go more than how many hrs in between meals
12 hrs
72
What absorbs gastric acids and helps prevent acid from reaching non glandular regions
saliva
73
how many gallons of juices go from the pancreas/liver to the dejum?
20 gallons
74
What is produced tp protect the stomach
mucous
75
food enters into which region
non glandular region
76
food leaves which region
glandular region
77
where do ulcers most commonly form
non glandular region
78
what is the margo plicatus
separates the glandular and non glandular sections of the stomach
79
what is the pylorus
band of muscle that is almost always open or relaxed
80
the non glandular region does not secrete
true
81
Where is HCl produced
lower glandular region
82
pH is lower in which region
lower glandular region
83
small intestine is how many ft long
70 ft or 30% of GIT
84
what is the major organ of digestion
small intestine
85
nutrients are absorbed into the
blood stream and taken to whatever cells need them
86
how many minutes does it take for food to pass through SI
30-60 min
87
what are the two types of digestion
enzymatic and fermentation
88
what is the cecum
blind sac 4 ft long
89
what do microbes do?
break down fibrous feed
90
how long does feed remain in cecum
7 hrs
91
horses cannot digest fiber.. the what digests the fiber?
microbes
92
how long is the colon (small & large)
10-12 ft
93
how long does the food stay in the colon
48-65 hrs
94
the colon is a major site of
water absorption resulting in fecal ball formation
95
what monitors and modifies the GIT function ( brain of the gut)
enteric nervous system
96
how many Mcals are in 1lb of hay
1 Mcals
97
end products of hindgut fermentation
VFAs, acetate, propionate
98
VFAs, acetate, propionate contribute to
25% of the energy supply
