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Pathology > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

0
Q

External Force

A

Blunt trauma from injury, equipment, etc.

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1
Q

Mechanical Trauma

A

Harmful disturbance in function or structure

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2
Q

Internal Force

A

Non-contact injuries. Failure from within own body structure

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3
Q

Extrinsic Risk Factors

A

Environmental problems

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4
Q

Intrinsic Risk Factors

A

Muscular imbalance, postural defects, overuse, age, technique, etc.

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5
Q

Compression

A

Two areas being pushed together

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6
Q

Tension

A

Pull are opposite of each other

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7
Q

Shear

A

Surfaces rub horizontally across one another

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8
Q

Bending

A

Bending partially; green stick fracture

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9
Q

Stress/Strain Curve

A

Dealing with body tissues and how they change in properties due to stress

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10
Q

Toe Region

A

Where there is still some slack in the tissue

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11
Q

Elastic Limit

A

When let go the tissue will go back to its original resting length

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12
Q

Plastic Range

A

Feeling some discomfort to get a good stretch

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13
Q

Necking

A

The muscle is close to failure; could tear

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14
Q

Contractile Soft Tissue

A

Muscle and tendon

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15
Q

Non-Contractile Tissue

A

Skin, joint capsules, ligaments, fascia, cartilage, dura mater, nerve roots

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16
Q

Skin Function

A

Acts as a passive barrier and protects against trauma

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17
Q

Layers of skin

A

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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18
Q

Friction Blister

A

Friction causing fluid build up under the dermis

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19
Q

Abrasion

A

Skin is scraped along a rough surface. Effects dermis and epidermis exposing the capillaries (strawberry)

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20
Q

Laceration

A

Skin has been irregularly torn

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21
Q

Avulsion

A

Tissue is completely torn from its source

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22
Q

Incision

A

Skin is sharply and cleanly cut

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23
Q

Puncture

A

Penetration of skin by sharp object

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24
Q

Acute muscle injuries are..

A

Contusions and strains

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25
Q

Contusions

A

Simple bruise or bruise with hematoma

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26
Q

Strains

A

Grade 1; mild tearing
Grade 2; moderate tear
Grade 3; >50% tear, may require surgery

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27
Q

Tendinitis

A

Inflamed tendon; turns into larger problem in two weeks

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28
Q

Tendinosis

A

Tendon is degenerating and fibrotic

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29
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

Gets inflamed where tendon passes through synovial sheath

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30
Q

Tendon Rupture

A

Complete tear of the tendon

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31
Q

Capsular Tear

A

Subluxation; partial dislocation

Dislocation

32
Q

Capsulitis

A

Inflammation and begins to scar on itself; loss of motion

33
Q

Ligament Sprains

A

Grade 1; can move with some pain
Grade 2; less willing to move, feeling laxity
Grade 3; total tearing

34
Q

Synovium

A

Fluid that lubricates the joint surfaces

35
Q

Synovitis

A

Irritation of the joint and cause inflammation with excess synovial fluid

36
Q

Diseases Attacking the Synovial Membrane

A

Lupus, RA, and JRA; autoimmune diseases

37
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Bone ends rub together

38
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Swollen inflamed synovial membrane

39
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Special cells making up cartilaginous tissue

40
Q

Collagen fibers

A

Made up of protein strands

41
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Hard, translucent, high amount of collagen. Covers the end of long bonds; no blood supply, cannot heal

42
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Found in symphyseal joints; intervertebral discs and inarticular discs. Cushions and stabilize movements

43
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Elastic fibers in the extracellular matrix

44
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone building

45
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Break down bones

46
Q

Cortical Bones

A

Compact, long bones

47
Q

Epiphysis

A

Head of bones

48
Q

Epiphyseal Plate

A

Growth center

49
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of long bones

50
Q

Spongy Bone

A

Open spaces in trebeculae

51
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

Red bloods cells manufactured here

52
Q

Periosteum

A

Neural and vascular

53
Q

Common Fractures

A 
Oblique
Comminuted
Spiral 
Compound 
Green stick 
Impacted (slit bone with other bone pushed inside)
Avulsion
Stress fracture 
Pathological fracture
54
Q

Salter-Harris Classification

Type 1 Seperation

A

Complete separation of epiphysis in relation to metaphysis without fracture to the bone

55
Q

Salter-Harris Classification

Type 2 Fracture/ Separation

A

Separation of the growth plate with a small wedge broken off

56
Q

Salter-Harris Classification

Type 3 fracture of epiphysis

A

Transverse and perpendicular fracture resulting in a completed disrupted piece of bone that will be compromised to have new growth

57
Q

Salter-Harris Classification

Type 4 Fracture of epiphysis and metaphysis

A

Same as III but has broken piece extending into the shaft of bone

58
Q

Salter-Harris Classification

Type 5 crushing

A

No displacement but can cause gross deformity

59
Q

Osteochondrosis

A

Piece of cartilage along with thin layer of bone comes loose from he end of the bone

60
Q

Severs Diseases

A

Overuse injury especially in achilles

61
Q

Osgood Schlatters Disease

A

Needs to be calmed down

62
Q

Peripheral Nerve Injuries

A

Stinger

63
Q

Lower Motor Neuron Lesions

A

Weakness, decreased sensation on lower extremities

64
Q

Neuropraxia

A

Pressing on the nerve causing it to temporarily shut down

65
Q

Axontotmesis

A

Lose sensation and strength for an extended period of time 2

66
Q

Neurotmesis

A

Crushing or severing of the nerve

67
Q

Upper Motor Neuron Lesions

A

Concussion, subdural and epidural hematomas, spinal cord injuries

68
Q

Patho-Anatomic

A

Named the structure involved in injury or pain

69
Q

Bio mechanical Diagnosis

A

Figuring out why the person has said problem; injury or direct cause

70
Q

Local MOI

A

Mechanism; how or why

71
Q

Regional Interdependence

A

Linked to mechanical problems from somewhere else

72
Q

Femoral Anteversion

A

Angle created between head and neck of femur in the transverse plane; pigeon toed

73
Q

Squinting Patella

A

Knock kneed; tibial lateral torsion

74
Q

Step Deformity

A

Example: AC seperation

75
Q

Structural Scoliosis

A

Idiopathic

Congenital (born)

76
Q

Functional Scoliosis

A

Reversible; curve related to trauma and muscle spasm

77
Q

Dermatome

A

An area of skin sensation supplied by a single nerve root

78
Q

Myotome

A

Groups of muscles supplied by a single nerve root

Pathology (4 decks)

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