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Psych 270 Abnormal > Quiz 1 - Ch. 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 - Ch. 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Goodness of Fit

A

The idea that behavior is
problematic or not problematic depending on
the environment in which it occurs

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2
Q

Culture

A

The shared behavioral patterns and
lifestyles that differentiate one group of people
from another

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3
Q

Culture-Bound Syndrome

A

The abnormal
behaviors that are specific to a particular location
or group

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4
Q

Abnormal Behavior

A

Conduct that is inconsistent
with the individual’s developmental,
cultural, and societal norms; creates emotional
distress; or interferes with daily functioning

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5
Q

Dimensional Approach

A

An approach to
understanding behavior that considers it from
a quantitative perspective (a little shy, moderately
shy, a lot shy), not a qualitative perspective
(shy or not shy)

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6
Q

Developmental Trajectory

A

The idea that
common symptoms of a disorder may vary
depending on a person’s age

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7
Q

Trephination

A

Trephination

The process in which a circular
instrument was used to cut away sections of
the skull, possibly in an attempt to release
demons from the brain

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8
Q

Mass Hysteria

A

Mass Hysteria

a situation in which a group of
people share and sometimes even act upon
a belief that is not based in fact (for example,
tarantism and lycanthropy)

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9
Q

Emotional Contagion

A

Emotional Contagion

the automatic mimicry and synchronization of expressions, vocalizations, postures, and movements of one person by another

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10
Q

Animal Magnetism

A

Animal Magnetism

a force that Mesmer believed flowed within the body and, when impeded, resulted in disease

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11
Q

Placebo effect

A

Placebo effect

a condition in which symptoms of illness diminish or disappear not because of any specific treatment but because the patient believes that a treatment is effective

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12
Q

Dementia Praecox

A

Dementia Praecox

Kraepelin’s name for a psychological disorder characterized by deterioration of mental faculties (now called schizophrenia)

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13
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Schizophrenia

a disorder involving serious abnormalities in thought, perceptions, and behavior

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14
Q

Talking Cure

A

Talking Cure

a therapy in the form of discussion of psychological distress with a trained professional, leading to the elimination of distressing symptoms

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15
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Psychoanalysis

a theory of abnormal behavior originated by Sigmund Freud that was based on the belief that many aspects of
behavior were controlled by unconscious innate biological urges that existed from infancy

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16
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Classical Conditioning

a form of learning in which a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to produce
a conditioned response (CR)

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17
Q

Behaviorism

A

Behaviorism

the theory that the only appropriate objects of scientific study are behaviors that can be observed and measured directly

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18
Q

Scientist–Practitioner Model

A

Scientist–Practitioner Model

an approach to psychological disorders based on the concept that when providing treatment to people with psychological disorders, the psychologist relies on the findings of research and in turn, when conducting research, the psychologist investigates topics that help to guide and improve psychological care

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19
Q

Neuron

A

Neuron

a nerve cell found throughout the body, including the brain

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20
Q

Synapse

A

Synapse

a space between neurons

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21
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Neurotransmitter

a chemical substance that is released into the synapse and transmits information from one neuron to another

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22
Q

Neuroscience

A

Neuroscience

the study of the structure and function of the nervous system and the interaction of that system and behavior

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23
Q

Biological Scarring

A

Biological Scarring

the process by which years of living with a disorder cause changes in the brain

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24
Q

Behavioral Genetics

A

Behavioral Genetics

the field of study that explores the role of genes and environment in the transmission of behavioral traits

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25
Q

Viral Infection Theory

A

Viral Infection Theory

the theory that during the prenatal period or shortly after birth, viral infections could cause some psychological
disorders

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26
Q

Ego Psychology

A

Ego Psychology

a form of psychodynamic theory that focuses on conscious motivations and healthy forms of human functioning

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27
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Operant Conditioning

a form of learning in which behavior is acquired or changed by the events that happen afterward

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28
Q

Reinforcement

A

Reinforcement

a contingent event that strengthens the response that precedes it punishment the application of something
painful or the removal of something positive

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29
Q

Vicarious Conditioning

A

Vicarious Conditioning

a distinct type of learning in which the person need not actually do the behavior in order to acquire it

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30
Q

Phenomenology

A

Phenomenology

a school of thought that holds that one’s subjective perception of the world is more important than the world in actuality

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31
Q

Sociocultural Model

A

Sociocultural Model

the idea that abnormal behavior must be understood within the context of social and cultural forces

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32
Q

Biopsychosocial Perspective

A

Biopsychosocial Perspective

the idea that biological, psychological, and social factors
probably contribute to the development of abnormal behavior and that different factors are important for different individuals

33
Q

Diathesis-Stress Model of Abnormal Behavior

A

Diathesis-Stress Model of Abnormal Behavior

the idea that psychological disorders may have a biological predisposition (diathesis) that lies dormant until environmental stress occurs and the combination produces abnormal behavior

34
Q

Translational Research

A

Translational Research

a scientific approach that focuses on communication between basic science and applied clinical research

35
Q

Beneficence

A

Beneficence

the core ethical principle ensuring that researchers do no harm and maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harms

36
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Central Nervous System

one part of the human nervous system that includes the brain and the spinal cord

37
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Peripheral Nervous System

one part of the human nervous system that includes the
sensory–somatic nervous system (controls sensations and muscle movements) and the autonomic nervous system (controls involuntary movements)

38
Q

Brain Stem

A

Brain Stem

a part of the brain located at its base that controls fundamental biological functions such as breathing

39
Q

Midbrain

A

Midbrain

a portion of the brain stem that coordinates sensory information and movement; includes the reticular activating system, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus

40
Q

Forebrain

A

Forebrain

a part of the brain that includes the limbic system, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex

41
Q

Limbic System

A

Limbic System

the brain region involved with the experience of emotion, the regulation of emotional expression, and the basic biological drives such as aggression, sex, and appetite

42
Q

Hippocampus

A

Hippocampus

the brain region that is part of the limbic system that also has a role in memory formation

43
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Cerebral Cortex

the largest part of the forebrain; contains structures that contribute to higher cognitive functioning including reasoning, abstract thought, perception of time, and
creativity

44
Q

Left Hemisphere

A

Left Hemisphere

the region of the brain primarily responsible for language and cognitive functions

45
Q

Right Hemisphere

A

Right Hemisphere

the region of the brain associated with creativity, imagery, and intuition

46
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Temporal Lobe

one of four lobes of the brain; associated with understanding auditory and verbal information, labeling of objects, and verbal memory

47
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Parietal Lobe

one of four lobes of the brain; integrates sensory information from various sources and may be involved with visuospatialprocessing

48
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Occipital Lobe

one of four lobes of the brain; located at the back of the skull; center of visual processing

49
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Frontal Lobe

one of the four lobes of the brain; seat of reasoning, impulse control, judgment, language, memory, motor function, problem solving, and sexual and social behavior

50
Q

Endocrine System

A

Endocrine System

a system in the body that sends messages to the bodily organs via hormones

51
Q

Hormone

A

Hormone

a chemical messenger that is released into the bloodstream and acts on target organs

52
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Neurotransmitter

the chemical substance that relays electrical signals between one neuron and the next

53
Q

Neuroimaging

A

Neuroimaging

the technology that takes pictures of the brain

54
Q

Neuroanatomy

A

Neuroanatomy

the brain structure

55
Q

Familial Aggregation

A

Familial Aggregation

the process of examining whether family members of a person with a particular disorder are more likely to have
that disorder than family members of people without the disorder

56
Q

Proband

A

Proband

the person with a particular disorder in a familial aggregation study

57
Q

Molecular Genetics

A

Molecular Genetics

the study of the structure and function of genes at a molecular level

58
Q

Genomewide Linkage Analysis

A

Genomewide Linkage Analysis

a technique that uses samples of families with many individuals who are ill with the same disorder or large samples of relatives who have the same disorder to identify genomic regions that may hold genes that influence a trait

59
Q

Candidate Gene Association Study

A

Candidate Gene Association Study

the study that compares one or a few genes in a large
group of individuals who have a specific trait or disorder with a well-matched group of individuals who do not have the trait or disorder

60
Q

Genomewide Association Study

A

Genomewide Association Study

the study of unbiased search of the human genome comparing cases and controls on genetic variants
scattered across the genome for evidence of association

61
Q

Case Study

A

Case Study

the comprehensive description of an individual (or group of individuals) that focuses on the assessment or description of abnormal behavior or its treatment

62
Q

Experimental Variable

A

Experimental Variable

the variable being
tested in an experimental study

63
Q

Control Group

A

Control Group

the comparison group for an experimental study in which the variable to be studied is absent

64
Q

Single-Case Design

A

Single-Case Design

an experimental study conducted with a single individual

65
Q

Correlation

A

Correlation

the relationship between variables

66
Q

Correlation Coefficient

A

Correlation Coefficient

a statistical figure that describes the direction and strength of a correlation

67
Q

Controlled Group Design

A

Controlled Group Design

an experiment in which groups of participants are exposed to different conditions, at least one of which is
experimental and one of which is a control

68
Q

Independent Variable

A

Independent Variable

the variable in a controlled experiment that the experimenter controls dependent variable the variable in a controlled experiment that is assessed to determine
the effect of the independent variable

69
Q

Random Assignment

A

Random Assignment

the most critical feature of a randomized controlled design in which each participant has an equal probability of being assigned to each experimental or control
condition

70
Q

Placebo Control

A

Placebo Control

a control group in which an inactive treatment is provided

71
Q

Cohort

A

Cohort

a group of people who share a common characteristic and move forward in time as a unit

72
Q

Cross-Sectional Design

A

Cross-Sectional Design

a research design in which participants are assessed once for the specific variable under investigation

73
Q

Longitudinal Design

A

Longitudinal Design

a research design in which participants are assessed at least two times and often more over a certain time
interval

74
Q

Epidemiology

A

Epidemiology

a research approach that focuses on the prevalence and incidence of mental disorders and the factors that influence those patterns

75
Q

Prevalence

A

Prevalence

the number of cases of a disorder in a given population at a designated time

76
Q

Incidence

A

Incidence

the number of new cases that emerge in a given population during a specified period of time

77
Q

Experimental Epidemiology

A

Experimental Epidemiology

a research method in which the scientist manipulates
exposure to either causal or preventive factors

78
Q

Comorbidity

A

Comorbidity

the co-occurrence of two or more disorders existing in the same person, either at the same time or at some point in the lifetime

Psych 270 Abnormal (1 decks)

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