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PSYC 290 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which Common fallacy occurs when a premise and conclusion are simply restatements of each other?
-circular reasoning
-slippery slope
-non sequitur
-false dichotomy

A

Circular Reasoning

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2
Q

Which characteristic in a potential male is likely to be rated more highly by women than men, according to the results of Buss’s study of over 10000 people in 37 cultures?
-Status
-Kindness
-Youthfulness
-Physical Attractiveness

A

Status

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3
Q

What is typically found when people are asked to rate their happiness?
-About half the respondents indicate that they are happy
-A small minority place themselves below the neutral point on the scale
-Only those who are relatively healthy consider themselves happy
-The vast majority indicate that they are unhappy

A

A small minority place themselves below the neutral point on the scale.

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4
Q

Which evolutionary hypothesis was tested by Buss and his colleagues in a cross-sectional study of mating preferences?
-Preferences in the characteristics of mating partners will be basically the same for males but differ for females from culture to culture
-Preferences in the characteristics of mating partners will be the same for females but differ for males from culture to culture
-Preferences in the characteristics of mating partners will differ from males to females
-Preferences in the characteristics of mating partners will be the same from culture to culture

A

Preferences in the characteristics of mating partners will be the same from culture to culture.

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5
Q

In Buss’s study on cross-cultural sex differences in human mate selection, which sex difference was consistently reported?
-Males place a higher value on partners’ ambition
-males place a higher value on partners’ social status
-males place a higher value on partners’ kindness
-males place a higher value on partners’ physical appearance

A

Males place a higher value on partners’ physical appearance.

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6
Q

What is suggested by facial-feedback hypothesis?
-all cultures have identical facial expressions that indicate specific emotional states
-after experiencing an emotion, the brain transmits signals that result in the facial muscles “matching” the emotion
-facial muscles send signals to the brain that help the brain recognize the emotion that one is experiencing
-feedback from another person’s facial expression allows individuals to correctly label emotions.

A

Facial muscles send signals to the brain that help the brain recognize the emotion that one is experiencing.

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7
Q

What is a refractory period?
-a time when sexual arousal reaches its peak intensity and is discharged in a series of muscular contractions that pulsate through the pelvic area
-a time following orgasm during which the individual is unresponsive to further stimulation
-a time following orgasm when blood vessels become engorged
-a time before orgasm during which the individual is unresponsive to stimulation

A

A time following orgasm during which individual is unresponsive to further simulation.

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8
Q

What is galvanic skin response used for?
-measure of conscious emotion
-measure of the subjective experience of emotion
-index of honesty
-general measure of autonomic arousal

A

General measure of autonomic arousal.

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9
Q

Which statement best reflects the gender disparities observed in regard to a willingness to engage in casual sex?
-females are no more or less likely to agree to casual sex than females
-there is insufficient data on this subject to draw conclusions
-females are more likely to agree to causal sex than males
-males are more likely to agree to casual sex than females.

A

Males are more likely to agree to casual sex than females.

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10
Q

Psychologists who take an evolutionary view argue that natural selection favors behaviors that maximize which of the following?
-Material Wealth
-Acquisition of territory
-Reproductive success
-Self-actualization

A

Reproductive success

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11
Q

Which type of cue would have the greatest effect on someone who is obese, compared to someone who is of normal weight, according to Herman and Polivy’s revised external hypothesis?
-The appearance of a piece of pie
-social norms about food consumption
-internal feelings of hunger
-the presence of other people

A

The appearance of a piece of pie.

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12
Q

Statement that does not accurately describe Human sexual response
-Men are more likely than women to engage in intercourse without an orgasm
-the subjective experience of orgasm is very similar for males and females
-it is normal for sexual arousal to vary during lengthy foreplay
-women are far more likely than men to be multiorgasmic

A

Men are more likely than women to engage in intercourse without orgasm

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13
Q

Statement that best describes the relationship between parenthood and happiness
-people who have children are happier than people without children
-the more children people have, the happier they tend to be
-people who have children are neither more nor less happy without children
-people who have children are less happy than people without children

A

People who have children are neither more, nor less, happy than people without children

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14
Q

what did Alfred Kinsey suggest about homosexuality and heterosexuality?
-They are orientations based on early learning
-They are orientations that are functions of genetics
-They are values judgements and should be of little concern to scientists
-they are end points on a continuum

A

They are end points on a continuum

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15
Q

Scott just experienced an orgasm. For about an hour, he cannot achieve another orgasm. Which phase of the sexual response cycle is Scott in?
-orgasmic
-latency
-plateau
-resolution

A

Resolution

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16
Q

Not suggested by parental investment theory?
-human males are required to invest little in the production of offspring
-human females can optimize their reproductive potential by mating with as many males as possible
-human males compete with other males for the commodity of reproductive opportunities
-males and females may develop different mating strategies

A

Human females can optimize their reproductive potential by mating with as many males as possible.

17
Q

What differs between the perspective of evolutionary theorists and many other motivation theorists regarding the nature of social motives?
-most motivation theorists consider social motives to be innate, rather than learned
-evolutionary theorists argue that biological motives are more important than social motives
-evolutionary theorists explain social and biological motives in terms of their adaptive value
-most motivation theorists lump all motives together and don’t distinguish between biological and social motives

A

Evolutionary theorists explain social and biological motives in terms of their adaptive value.

18
Q

Which statement does NOT accurately depict emotion?
-emotion involves a subjective conscious experience
-cognition is important in several aspects of emotions. including control of our emotions
-the behavioral component of emotion includes bodily arousal
-emotion involves a cognitive component

A

The behavioural component of emotion includes bodily arousal.

19
Q

Which hormone allows the cells in your body to extract glucose from your blood?
-ghrelin
-insulin
-CCK
-Leptin

A

Insulin

20
Q

What is the estimated rate of depression for adolescents?
-5
-50
-20
-10

A

20%

21
Q

What is the most common deficit associated with old age, in terms of sensory functioning?
-Farsightedness
-Nearsightedness
-Tactile discrimination
-gustatory discrimination

A

Farsightedness

22
Q

Which piece of evidence suggests that Marcia’s identity statuses do NOT reflect developmental Stages?
-Identity statuses are only associated with adolescence
-people rarely progress from one stage to another in a predictable fashion
-people tend to reach achievement in adolescence rather than in late adulthood
-people tend to maintain a particular identity status throughout carious ages

A

People tend to maintain a particular identity status throughout various ages.

23
Q

What is the relationship between gestational exposure to air pollution and cognitive development in children.
-exposure to air pollution is associated with an increased risk of attention deficit disorder
-exposure to air pollution is associated with impaired cognitive development by age five
-there is no relationship, because pollution does not cross the placenta
-there is no known effect of pollution on cognitive development

A

Exposure to air pollution is associated with impaired cognitive development by age five.

24
Q

What do psychologists mean when they say that “males and females differ on Trait X”?
Most males differ from most females on Trait X
-The highest Trait X scores will be males and the lowest will be females
-all males differ from all females on Trait X
-The average male differs from the average female on trait X

A

The average male differs from the average female on Trait X

25
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TERMS IS DEFINED AS EXPECTATIONS ABOUT WHAT IS APPROPRIATE BEHAVIOUR FOR EACH SEX?
-Gender roles
-Gender stereotypes
-gender behaviours
-gender differences

A

Gender roles.

26
Q

How long do people typically struggle with the progression of Alzhiemer’s disease?
-8-10 years
-3-6 year
-10-15 years
-1-2 years

A

8-10 years

27
Q

Which of Erikson’s stages is associated with finding and making commitments to society and future generations?
-Generativity versus self-absorption
Identity versus role confusion
-Integrity versus despair
-Intimacy versus isolation

A

Generativity versus self-absorption

28
Q

What is the term for the tendency to focus on just one feature of a problem while neglecting other important aspects
-Object impermanence
-reification
-centration
-assimilation

A

Centration

29
Q

Which psychologist contributed significantly to our understanding of the cognitive development of children?
-Jean Piget
-Sigmund Freud
-Erik Erikson
-Lawrence Kohlberg

A

Jean Piget

30
Q

During the third stage of psychosocial development, the crisis that must be resolved is initiative vs guilt. What did Erikson believe was the ability that children develop during this stage?
-whom to trust or not trust
-how to become self-sufficient
-how to pursue their own interests and also get along with others
-how to deal with peers and adults

A

How to pursue their own interests and also get along with others.

31
Q

Which type of attachment are infants more likely to exhibit when their mothers are inconsistent or insensitive in responding to their infants?
-Separation attachment
-Anxious-ambivalent attachment
-secure attachment
-especially strong attachment

A

Anxious-ambivalent attachment

32
Q

Which adolescents are most likely to feel subjective distress and emotional difficulties with the transition to adolesence?
-Boys and girls who mature late
-boys and girls who mature early
-boys who mature late and girls who mature early
-boys who mature early and girls who mature late

A

Boys who mature late and girls who mature early.

33
Q

What type of temperament would Kagan and his colleagues use to describe infants who are shy, timid, and wary of unfamiliar persons?
-Inhibited
-Uninhibited
-Mixed
-Slow to warm up

A

Inhibited

34
Q

If you were to look at distribution of scored of mathematical ability for men and women, where in the distribution would you expect to see the largest difference in ability?
-At the upper end of the distribution
-At the bottom of the distribution
-Within 1 standard deviation of the mean
-At the median

A

A the upper end of the distribution

35
Q

Ruby is an active infant who appears to be somewhat high strung and who protests loudly every time her parents try to change her routine in any way. What type of temperament does Ruby have, using the temperament categories, outlined by Thomas and Chess?
-Easy
-Slow to warm up
-Difficult
-Uninhibited

A

PSYC 290 (4 decks)

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