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E Asian Poli Systems > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the immediate impacts of Japan’s WWII surrender?

A

Bureaucrats erase evidence of wartime activities, “recreation and amusement centers”, economic opportunities and entrepreneurship, food shortages, major social problems: alcohol, drugs, robbery, theft

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2
Q

Who is MacArthur?

A

Supreme commander for allied powers (SCAP)

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3
Q

2 goals of american occupation

A

Demilitarize & democratize

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4
Q

How does the U.S. Demilitarize Japan?

A

Disband military, special police, Tokyo trial

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5
Q

How does the U.S. “Clean the soil of militarism”?

A

Smash authoritarian rule, equalize political rights, unionize, land reform

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6
Q

1946-47 peace constitution

A

Downgrade emperor, fundamental human rights, article 9 to renounce war

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7
Q

Zaibatsu

A

Large firms the U.S. Originally wanted to break up in Japan

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8
Q

LDP

A

Liberal party + Democratic Party merge in Japan 1955

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9
Q

JSP

A

Japan socialist party; had first plurality in 1947 election

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10
Q

US reverse course in Japan

A

Worry of communist expansion, shift in american policy: scaled back on dissolving zaibatsu, weaken labor movement, national police force, red purge

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11
Q

When does Japan surrender?

A

August 15 1945

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12
Q

Economic recovery in Japan

A

1949 dodge line: balance budget, abolish state subsidies to business
1950 Korean War: american military orders surged

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13
Q

When did american occupation end?

A

1952

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14
Q

Remaining problems after american occupation of Japan

A

Okinawa, ROC/PRC not present, Soviet Union walked out

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15
Q

Japanese diet

A

House of reps (more powerful) and house of councillors

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16
Q

House of reps before electoral reform

A

4 year term, can be dissolved; single non transferable vote (multiple seats)

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17
Q

What eroded Japan’s 1955 system?

A

Corruption scandals, economic bubble, welfare to aging society, momentum to electoral reform

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18
Q

Political issues in 1950s and 1960s

A

Constitution lost momentum, relations with US, labor movement, peace movement, US-Japan treaty

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19
Q

Problems with US-Japan security treaty

A

Japan is a military target, one sided obligation of Japan

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20
Q

Japan shifting focus 1960s-1970s

A

Constitutional revision & confrontation w/ unions, income doubling plan, LDP alliance w/ farmers, workers, Japan productivity center

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21
Q

LDP income doubling plan 1960

A

State guidance of market economy, economic miracle

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22
Q

Citizen movements of Japan 1960s

A

Anti-Vietnam war, student movements (–> corporate blacklisting), environmental activism, better welfare; LDP response: join in

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23
Q

Japan oil crisis

A

Economic growth halts 1973, GNP decline, prices increase 25%, panic buys, Japan–> less reliant on oil

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24
Q

Japan’s relations w/ US 1960s-1970s

A

Cornerstone of US asian policy, interdependence, Okinawa back to Japan, 1971 Nixon shocks, trade disputes

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25
Japan-US trade disputes
Companies began to compete, compromise: Japan companies will produce in US; 1988 super 301 clause, 1985 plaza accord & bubble economy
26
1988 super 301 clause
Asking Japan to constrain some exports to US & open domestic market to US products
27
1985 plaza accord & bubble economy
Appreciate yen by 100%, make products more expensive and less competitive on international market
28
PRC features of authority structure
Dual rule of party & state, party has leading role Standing office for delegation of authority Hierarchical structure of authority: vertical lines, horizontal blocks
29
Organizational principles of PRC
Democratic centralism, collective leadership, mass line
30
Advantages & problems of PRC authority structure
Accountability, bureaucratic interpretation & power drift, deviation discovery & control
31
Mao & authority structure
Above the system
32
Authority structure
Party makes policy, state administers it
33
PLA & authority structure
Beyond the gov, loyal to party
34
Goals of PRC authority structure
Centralism to give leaders leverage, promote/manage rapid industrialization, obtain resources from rural sector, guided social change
35
Beijing politburo
5-6 member standing committee; central committee= reps from all levels; plenum= full meeting
36
Within PRC central committees
Departments with power; top: state council w/ commissions for interminesterial problems & ministries w/ single focus
37
Communist party membership
Rural membership
38
Communist party strategies
Survived hardship-> strategy, adaptability, spiritual strength; campaigns-> political mobilization, organizational strengths; linkage with masses
39
Goals for CCP continuing revolution
Mobilize mass support for national construction & transform China to communist society
40
Pre-requisites for continuing revolution
a) charismatic leadership: Mao b) mass mobilization: mass line & class struggle c) structure of authority: party state & military
41
Mao's status in CCP
Great leader, great teacher, great supreme commander, great helmsman
42
CCP 1949-1956 4 substantiate r priorities
1) cement terms of relationship w/ USSR 2) establish governing apparatus ruling urban & rural China 3) restore urban economy 4) consolidate control over countryside & land reform
43
Source of Mao Zedong thought
Marx-Leninism + chinese history
44
Mao Zedong thought features
Prominence of ideology: right thinking-> right conduct Voluntarism: motivation to overcome material obstacles Contradictions: solve through struggle Class struggle: not capitalist or feudal, social relations by personal ties Mass line & anti intellectualism Self reliance
45
Major campaigns in new democracy period
``` Recovery from war & land reform Suppression of counter-revolutionaries 3-anti & 5-anti Collectivization First 5 Year plan ```
46
CCP land reform
Remove from landlord, give to peasants; violent; gave CCP access to rural areas, restored agriculture
47
CCP suppression of counter revolutionaries
Civil servants of GMD, urban gangs, foreigners
48
3 Anti & 5 Anti
3 anti: corruption, waste, bureaucracy | 5 anti: bribery, theft of state property, tax evasion, cheating on gov contracts, stealing state economic information
49
Thought reform of intellectuals
Criticize teachers, soviet style education
50
Agriculture cooperivitization
Peasant mutual aid teams, larger farms
51
Hundred flowers campaign
Allow opinions, criticism, then called off and anti-rightist campaign
52
Anti-rightist campaign
Persecute intellectuals, officials, artists, dissidents, those who like communism
53
4 tensions of CCP
Role of Mao: outside the law, system didn't need him Soviet problem: moral contrasted CCP values Losing $ on soviet loans Intellectual criticism: crackdown, purged helpful people
54
Great Leap Forward 1958-1961
Mass mobilization of peasants for development without increased investment; "surpass US & UK", especially with steel production; rural communes: gov admin & econ production
55
Consequences of Great Leap Forward
Economic disaster, great famine, Mao criticized
56
Taiwan ethnic groups
Majority han
57
Taiwan official language
Mandarin
58
Treaty of shimonoseiki
1895; following 1st sino-japanese war, ceding Taiwan to Japan
59
Roc/Taiwanese clashing
ROC thinks Taiwanese corrupted by japanese, Taiwanese enjoyed progress as japanese colony
60
Chen yi
Governor General
61
Feb 28 incident
Officials beat up woman selling cigs, shoot bystander, riots & 32 demands for more autonomy
62
GMD response to feb 28 incident
Tighter control, replace Chen yi
63
Change in Taiwan agenda
Wealth from mainland to Taiwan Declared martial law 1949 Tutelage period toward democracy: constitution, 5-Yuan, 3 principles Reconstructing party: grow membership, expand bases Freeze Taiwanese out of national office
64
Taiwan economic recovery
Reduced barriers of education & entrepreneurship, import substitution-> export-led development, land reform: rent reduction, sale of public land, land to tenant farmers, us & Japan support

E Asian Poli Systems (4 decks)

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