Quiz 3 Flashcards by Anna Rachel Shajee

According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following is enitrley unconscious?
-Ego
-Superego
-Id
-Self

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According to humanistic psychology, what is a pattern of self-perception that remains constant over time and can be used to characterize an individual?
-Unconditional positive regard
-the ego
-incongruence
-self-concept

Self-Concept

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Which of the following traits is NOT one of the “Big Five” personality traits?
-Neuroticism
-Conscientiousness
-Emotionality
-Openness to experience

Emotionality

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The five-factor model suggests that a continuum exists between agreeableness and which other trait?

-Stability
-Unimaginativeness
-Introversion
-Disagreeableness

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Which of the following factors are essential in defining personality?
Consistency and testing
-testing and disposition
-consistency and distinctiveness
-testing and distinctiveness

Consistency and distinctiveness

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The five-factor model of personality was developed using which of the following?
-Case studies
-Factor analysis
-Experiments that manipulated situations
-a factorial experimental design

Factor Analysis

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According to Maslow’s theory of personality, what is an example of a growth need?
-need for transcendence
-need for self-actualization
-need for food and shelter
-need for achievement

need for self-actualization

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For which of the following reasons has Freud’s theory of personality been questioned?
-There are no case studies to back up his work
-it focuses too much on traits
-it can’t be tested using scientific methods
-it doesn’t describe people’s behavior well

It cant be tested using scientific methods.

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According to the five-factor model of personality, how could a person who is high on neuroticism be described?
-Disorganized
-Practical
-Emotional
-Uncooperative

Emotional

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What personality trait is predictive of better grades in school?
-agreeableness
-conscientiousness
-extraversion
-neuroticism

conscientiousness

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Alexandra believes that the affection she gets from others is conditional. According to Rogers, what must she do to feel worthy of affection?
-submit to reaction formations
-make new friends
-repress her strengths
-distort her shortcomings

Distort her shortcomings

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Which of the following could be considered the motto for the id?
-do the right thing
-if it feels good, do it
-we can work it out
-mom always liked you best

If it feels good, do it

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While many of the personality traits a person has may be relatively common, the overall combination of traits exhibited by the person is unique. Which aspect of personality does this illustrate?
-Consistency
-Variableness
-Appropriateness
-Distinctiveness

Distinctiveness

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Mike has had a series of unsatisfactory relationships and experiences sexual dysfunction. According to Freud, this is due to problems with which of the following?
-toilet training
-weaning
-establishing emotional intimacy
-repression of sexual impulses

Establishing emotional intimacy

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Chelsey is a student who is very focused on developing her skills anf seeking out new experiences. Her favourite classes are the ones that invlove a lot of discussion, where she can hear others vewpoints anf really challenge her own beliefs. According to Maslow, what level of needs is Chelsey addressing?
-Aesthetic
-Self-actualization
-cognitive
-esteem

cognitive

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Sara described herself as follows: “I am psychology student,” “I am part of a large family,” “I am a member of the debate team.” Sara’s view of herself reflects the fact that she is from which type of culture?
-Imperialist
-Western
-Individualist
-Collectivist

Collectivist

What is the major criticism that humanistic personality theorists have concerning both psychodynamic and behavioral theories of personality?
-They are dehumanizing and deterministic
-They are unrealistically optimistic about human behavior
-They focus on the unconscious
-They are not supported by scientific or empirical evidence

They are dehumanizing and deterministic

Etienne a university student is very interested in his courses anf is planning on attending graduate school in psychology. Which type of need has Etienne probably not yet satisfied?
-self-actualization
-belongingness
-esteem
-safety and security

self-actualization

Who would be most likely to suggest that a persons behavior will be highly variable from one situation to another?
-Alfred Adler
-Sigmund Freud
-Walter Michel
-Albert Bandura

Walter Michel

Which of the following is not a factor associated with an increased tendency of a group to develop groupthink?
-The group has a relatively weak leader who can be easily influenced by others.
-the group is highly cohesive
-the group works in isolation
-the group is under pressure to make a major decision quickly

The group has a relatively weak leader who can be easily influenced by others.

In which studies we subjects instructed to administer increasingly strong electric shocks to another subject when the other subject made a mistake?
-Solomon Asch’s conformity studies
-Daryl Bem’s dissonance studies
-Stanley Milgram’s obedience studies
-Philip Zimbardo’s prison studies

Stanley Milgram’s obedience studies

According to evolutionary psychologists, how do we tend to view members of outgroups?
-with negative stereotypes
-as role models
-with deference
-as potential mates

with negative stereotypes

What is the tendency called ethnocentrism?
-modelling the attitudes of members of one’s immediate family
-evaluating people in ones own group as superior to others
-focusing on ones own needs as opposed to what is best for the group
-identifying with members of a popular outgroup

evaluating people in ones own group as superior to others

Which branch of psychology is concerned with the way individuals thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others?
-cultural psyc
-individual psyc
-abnormal psyc
-social psyc

social psyc

What does social loafing refer to? -The reduction of effort by individuals when they work in groups -the loss of coordination among group members efforts -a tendency to blame others for the groups poor performance -increases in socializing among members of larger groups

The reduction of effort by individuals when they work in groups

Which term would you use for clusters of ideas you associate with categories like students, professors, waiters, or politicians -stereotypes -prejudice -person perception -social schemas

social schemas

Censoring,dissent, pressuring to conform, omitting contradictory evidence, and polarizing ingroups and outgroups are basic feature of which of the following? -groupthink -group polarization -social diffusion -social loafing

groupthink

What does group cohesiveness refer to? -the degree to which group members agree about an issue -the extent of polarization that occurs after group discussion -the tendancy of groups to make more cautious decisions than individuals -the strength of relationships linking group members to each other and to the group

the strength of relationships linking group members to each other and to the group

Obedience is a form of compliance in which people change their behaviour in response to which of the following? -direct commands -persuasive communications -requests from others -implied pressure

direct commands

Yvonne beleves that people from a particular ethnic group are not trustworthy. In her job as manager of a larger store, however, Yvonne has hired many people from that ethnic group and does not treat them any differently from any other employees. What does Yvonne demonstrate? -ethnocentrism but not prejudice -ingroup bias and discrimination -discrimination but not prejudice -prejudice but not discrimination

prejudice but not discrimination

Phil is playing ina basketball game and when she makes a three point basket she is ecstatic. She proudly tells her coach that it shows how all her extra practice has paid off. However, later in the game, phil misses an almost identical shot. This time she explains to her coach that she was distracted by one of the opposing players. What do phils attributions illustrate? -actor-observer bias -matching hypothesis -self-serving bias -fundamental attribution error

self-serving bias

Kara has noticed that every time she eats out on her own she chooses pizza over fast food places that serve burgers. Consequently, kara decides she must really prefer pizza to burgers. What does this example illustrate? -observational learning theory -fundamental attribution -cognitive dissonance theory -self-perception theory

self-perception theory

A group of six university students observe a fellow student stumble and fall down a flight of stairs. No one goes to check if the student needs help. Which statement best illustrates this diffusion of responsibility? -I didnt want to embarrass the student who fell by making a big deal about it -I thought someone else would help -I don't know first aid -I was pretty far away when it happened

I thought someone else would help

Tammy believes that shane did well on the midterm because the prof really liked shane's ideas. Which of the following is most clearly illustrated by Tammy's belief? -An internal attribution -an unstable attribution -a stable attribution -an external attribution

an external attribution

Why do evolutionary psychologists propose to explain the biases associated with person perception? -Physical attractivness was associated with the youthfulness of males. -Physical attractiveness was associated primarily with friends and not foes. -There was an ancestral need to carefully evaluate the behavior of others. -There was an ancestral need to make rapid judgements about outgroup members

There was an ancestral need to make rapid judgements about outgroup members

Which of the following is NOT a factor that directly influences person perception? -Stereotypes -physical appearance -social schemas -conformity

conformity