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E Asian Poli Systems > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Why the miracle?

A

E asian values; neoliberal: right market, export comparative advantage of highly trained low cost labor; historic/regional background; role of the state

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2
Q

World economic framework modernization theory

A

Traditional societies-> modern societies through similar development stages

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3
Q

World economic framework neo-liberalist theory

A

Free trade has comparative advantage

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4
Q

World economic frameworks globalization theory

A

Developed helps developing with FDI, trade, etc

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5
Q

World economic frameworks communist theory

A

Capitalist (imperialists) v socialists

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6
Q

World economic framework world systems theory

A

Hierarchy of nations and division of labor among center and peripheral, hegemonic/core status

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7
Q

Flying geese model

A

Industrial life cycle-> division of labor among E Asian countries (linked via trade, investment, tech)->promoting economic growth

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8
Q

Political implications of flying geese model

A

International order in region as hierarchy; does this justify Japanese colonization?

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9
Q

Basics of E Asia dev model

A

Macroeconomic management, financial system as intermediaries between savings and investment, education policy: human capital

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10
Q

E Asian dev model guiding economic dev

A

ISI-> export-led growth, encouraging right industry with industrial policies, and cooperating with private sector

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11
Q

E asia industrial policies to encourage right industry

A

Protecting young industry, adapting foreign tech, encouraging tech innovation, promoting selects industries with direct credit, encourage competition by rewarding winners

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12
Q

E Asian dev model on Japan

A

Ministry of intl trade and industry; zaibatsu backed by banks; industrial upgrading (textiles-> heavy industry -> auto/electronics); education=human capital; 3 sacred treasures to promote productivity

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13
Q

3 sacred treasures of Japan dev

A

Lifetime employment systems; seniority wage systems; enterprise unionism

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14
Q

Caveat to Japanese model of dev

A

Japan was re industrializing

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15
Q

E Asian dev model on Taiwan

A

Import sub 1953-61, export expansion and heavy/Chem industry (HCI) 1963-78

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16
Q

E Asian dev model on korea

A

Developmental state->planning and assistance->sustained dev, low inflation, high employment
Authoritarian-> labor oppression and military->chaebol collusion
Local capital chaebol->HCI->state partner for dev
Foreign capital->grants, loans

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17
Q

Differences in e Asian dev model with Taiwan and korea

A

SK: big chaebols; Taiwan: SMEs

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18
Q

Similarities in E Asian dev model with Taiwan and Korea

A

Japanese colonial experience, dev strategies, social/political problems (authoritarian regime, suppress democracy, exploit labor)

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19
Q

Why end of e Asia model?

A

Japan stagnate since 1990s, SE NICs asian financial crisis 1997

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20
Q

Why e asia continues growth?

A

SK reform from IMF

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21
Q

Modernization theory of democracy

A

Progressive accumulation of socio-economic changes-> democracy

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22
Q

Caveat to modernization theory of democracy

A

When poor countries democratize and rich don’t

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23
Q

Marxism theory of democracy

A

Power struggle between capitalists and working class-> democracy

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24
Q

Caveat to Marxism theory of democracy

A

In e Asia the working class did not lead the dem transition

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25
Cultural explanation for democracy
Civic culture
26
Caveat to cultural explanation of democracy
E Asia under influence of Confucianism
27
Explaining E Asian democracy experience
Modernization and Marxism; economic dev-> middle class and civil society-> demand democracy
28
Other factors to e Asian democracy experience
Economic dev weakened authoritarian ideology; threat from foreign enemies declines, intl (US) pressure, leadership
29
Pre-democratization ROK and ROC
Both Japanese colonies, divided nation, anti-communist close with US, authoritarian regimes with similar economic dev, democratized at the same time
30
SK important presidents
Rhee->Park->Chun->Roh
31
SK military coups
1961 Park: 1979 Chun
32
Main factors contributing to dem in SK
Economic dev->middle class; pressure from society (1960 righteous student uprising, 1989 Gwangju dem movement), Roh Tae-woo
33
How did Roh Tae-woo help democratize SK?
Promised direct election and civil rights; referendum revised constitution; Roh gradually put in dem institutions
34
Evolution of Taiwan political systems
1945-49: chinese civil war 1987-2000: democratic transition 2000- democratic consolidation
35
KMT authoritarian rule
Taiwanese= base to regain Mainland; autocratic leadership of Chiang Kai-Shek with democratic facade and suppress Taiwanese independence
36
Autocratic leadership of Chiang Kai-Shek
Party-state, mainlanders in national politics, dividing local forces with local elections
37
Social demand for democratization in Taiwan
Feb 28 incident Students suppress with local police Workers suppressed with Taiwan Provincial Federation of Labor Dangwai movement Economic dev-> middle class Students active in 1990s with Wild Lily Movement
38
Dangwai movement
Major opposition movement in Taiwan, began 1970, pushing for democracy and Taiwan independence, support from new political journalism and roots in local politics and moved upwards
39
Role of Chiang Ching-Ko in Taiwan democracy
Expanding arena of political competition and upward mobility of local Taiwanese within KMT
40
How did Chiang Ching-Ko expand arena of political competition?
Abolish ban of political parties; introduce election of Gov, Taipei/Kaoshing mayors
41
How did Chiang Ching-Ko help upward mobility of local Taiwanese within KMT?
Additional members to parliament, more gov and party positions, Lee Teng-hui
42
Who was Lee Teng-hui?
Local Taiwanese, VP-Pres after Ching-Kuo in 1996, 1st popular elected President
43
What is the East Asian economic miracle?
1960s-1990s rapid growth in Japan, 4 little tigers (HK, SK, singapore and Taiwan), and SEA Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand with equal distribution of wealth benefits
44
Preparing for cultural revolution
Ideological contest with USSR, masses "class struggle" and campaigns; factional struggle and blame game after GLF, central role of Mao
45
Sources of Mao vision and thought
Marxism and Leninism + Chinese history
46
Mao's grand vision
Continue revolution in China and global leadership of revolution
47
Mao's goals
Replace Liu Shaoqi, discipline huge bureaucracy, expose China's youth to revolutionary experiences and achieving policy changes in Mao style
48
Central cultural revolution group (CCRG)
Responsible to Politburo and Mao, mainly his radical supporters; central role in CR and once even replaced Politburo
49
Red guards
Student soldiers of Mao to defend revolutionary lines
50
Gang of 4
Political faction at top in CR; blamed with Lin Biao for counter-revolutionary forces so responsible for wrong deeds of CR and arrested
51
CR impact on targets
Purged but later rehabilitated
52
CR impact on participants
Adventurous youth; disobedient in long term
53
CR institutional transformation
Short-term devastated party-state structure but long-term return to dualism; Mao's reputation: 70% +; 30% -
54
CR Economic impacts
Experts purged, incentives gone, production down; long term: China needs different path-> capitalist road
55
Juche ideology
Kim Il-Sung-ism
56
Basis of juche
Man is master of world and his fate
57
Emphasis of juche
Role of masses as masters of revolution
58
National level juche
Economic self-sufficiency, political independence, national defense self-reliance
59
Juche metaphor
Kim=head; party=body; masses=arms/legs
60
Origins of juche
1955; Kim Il-Sung personality cult, power and creativity; influence of Korean traditional culture
61
Application of Juche
Creative application of Marxism-Leninism; purged pro-Soviet and pro-Chinese; only Sci rev thought, in KWP charter and constitution
62
Songun policy
Kim Jong-Il, military first
63
Basis of songun policy
Rely on military for revolution, economic construction and DPRK socialism; military-> central institution and prioritize needs of military
64
Songun and Juche
Songun builds on juche and advances to next level
65
Why Songun policy?
End of Cold War, collapse of SU; Kim Jong-Il must get power and legitimacy: military is crucial to maintain regime

E Asian Poli Systems (4 decks)

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