Flashcards in Quiz 4 Deck (35):
1
what are the mechanical functions of the skeletal system?
-movement
-support
-protection
2
What are the metabolic functions of the skeletal system/
-RBC
-WBC
-platelet production (produced by bone marrow)
-storage of calcium and phosphorous
3
What does the skeletal system include?
bones, joints, cartilage and ligaments associated with joint structures
4
what are axial bones for?
protection
5
What are appendicular bones?
limbs
6
When are bones strongest?
resisting compression(shortening)
7
when are bones weakest?
resisting shear movements
8
Cartilage has ___ nerve or blood supply
no
9
Long bones
movement
ex: arm/leg, femur, 1st metacarpal
10
short bones
transfer forces
ex: wrist/ankle, calcaneus
11
flat bones
protection
ex: skull, ribs, sternum
12
irregular bones
support, protection, leverage
ex: vertebral column (no regular shape)
13
Sesamoid bones
increase leverage, reduce stress
ex: patella (supported by tendons and ligaments)
14
Bone Development Flat
start from origin and grown out
15
Bone Development Long
develop as embryo from center of shaft out (cartilage is at ends of long bones ossify soon after birth)
16
Define joint
any place where 2 bones meet or join in the body
17
Function of joint
-join bones together controlling motion
-transfer forces between bones
18
Synovial joints
-highly mobile
-joint cavity that encloses space between joints
-most joints of the appendicular skeleton
19
immovable joints
fibrous
ex: skull sutures (fused together)
20
slightly movable joints
cartilaginous
ex: pubic symphysis, pelvic gurtal cartalige joint with coxis fused by cartilage
21
Types of synovial joints
-gliding, hinge, ball and socket, pivot, saddle, elliposidal
22
Gliding joints
-non axial (only non axial joint)
-movements such as gliding and twisting
-intercapal and intertarsal joints
-short bones of wrist/ankle
-no flexion/extension
23
Hinge joints
uniaxial (one degree of freedom)
-flexion and extension
-elbow and ankle
24
Ball and socket joint
triaxial (3 degrees of freedom) only 3
-flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, interal/external rotation
-shoulder/hip
25
Pivot
uniaxial (1 degree of freedom)
-rotation about a longitudinal axis
-base of radis and ulna
26
Saddle
biaxial (2 degrees of freedom)
-flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
-thumb
27
Elliposidal
biaxial(2 degrees of freedom)
-oval ball and socket
-phalangeal joints, fingers
28
Factors that affect flexibility and mobility
-how tight or lose a muscle is
-elasticity of ligamentous tissue
29
Osteoarthritis
lost fluid between joints, cartilage on cartilage, how cartilage is breaking down
30
Cartalige has _____ blood supply to it so it ____ get nutrients from blood supply, it gets it from ______
-zero
-doesn't
-synovial fluid
31
Skeletal muscles
-attach to bones, voluntary control (somatic nervous system), striated or striped
32
Smooth muscles
visceral, organs/vessel walls, smooth in appearance, automatic nervous system
33
Cardiac muscles
-looks like skeletal muscle, involuntary control
34
Skeletal muscle mechanical functions
-movement (provide force and toque to move joints)
-support (posture maintance, stiffness at the joints)
-protection (physical barrier, absorb shock)
35