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Flashcards in Quiz 4 Deck (35)
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1
Q

what are the mechanical functions of the skeletal system?

A
  • movement
  • support
  • protection
2
Q

What are the metabolic functions of the skeletal system/

A
  • RBC
  • WBC
  • platelet production (produced by bone marrow)
  • storage of calcium and phosphorous
3
Q

What does the skeletal system include?

A

bones, joints, cartilage and ligaments associated with joint structures

4
Q

what are axial bones for?

A

protection

5
Q

What are appendicular bones?

A

limbs

6
Q

When are bones strongest?

A

resisting compression(shortening)

7
Q

when are bones weakest?

A

resisting shear movements

8
Q

Cartilage has ___ nerve or blood supply

A

no

9
Q

Long bones

A

movement

ex: arm/leg, femur, 1st metacarpal

10
Q

short bones

A

transfer forces

ex: wrist/ankle, calcaneus

11
Q

flat bones

A

protection

ex: skull, ribs, sternum

12
Q

irregular bones

A

support, protection, leverage

ex: vertebral column (no regular shape)

13
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

increase leverage, reduce stress

ex: patella (supported by tendons and ligaments)

14
Q

Bone Development Flat

A

start from origin and grown out

15
Q

Bone Development Long

A

develop as embryo from center of shaft out (cartilage is at ends of long bones ossify soon after birth)

16
Q

Define joint

A

any place where 2 bones meet or join in the body

17
Q

Function of joint

A
  • join bones together controlling motion

- transfer forces between bones

18
Q

Synovial joints

A
  • highly mobile
  • joint cavity that encloses space between joints
  • most joints of the appendicular skeleton
19
Q

immovable joints

A

fibrous

ex: skull sutures (fused together)

20
Q

slightly movable joints

A

cartilaginous

ex: pubic symphysis, pelvic gurtal cartalige joint with coxis fused by cartilage

21
Q

Types of synovial joints

A

-gliding, hinge, ball and socket, pivot, saddle, elliposidal

22
Q

Gliding joints

A
  • non axial (only non axial joint)
  • movements such as gliding and twisting
  • intercapal and intertarsal joints
  • short bones of wrist/ankle
  • no flexion/extension
23
Q

Hinge joints

A

uniaxial (one degree of freedom)

  • flexion and extension
  • elbow and ankle
24
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

triaxial (3 degrees of freedom) only 3

  • flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, interal/external rotation
  • shoulder/hip
25
Q

Pivot

A

uniaxial (1 degree of freedom)

  • rotation about a longitudinal axis
  • base of radis and ulna
26
Q

Saddle

A

biaxial (2 degrees of freedom)

  • flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
  • thumb
27
Q

Elliposidal

A

biaxial(2 degrees of freedom)

  • oval ball and socket
  • phalangeal joints, fingers
28
Q

Factors that affect flexibility and mobility

A
  • how tight or lose a muscle is

- elasticity of ligamentous tissue

29
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

lost fluid between joints, cartilage on cartilage, how cartilage is breaking down

30
Q

Cartalige has _____ blood supply to it so it ____ get nutrients from blood supply, it gets it from ______

A
  • zero
  • doesn’t
  • synovial fluid
31
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

-attach to bones, voluntary control (somatic nervous system), striated or striped

32
Q

Smooth muscles

A

visceral, organs/vessel walls, smooth in appearance, automatic nervous system

33
Q

Cardiac muscles

A

-looks like skeletal muscle, involuntary control

34
Q

Skeletal muscle mechanical functions

A
  • movement (provide force and toque to move joints)
  • support (posture maintance, stiffness at the joints)
  • protection (physical barrier, absorb shock)
35
Q

Other skeletal muscle functions

A
  • pressure altercation (venous return)

- Heat production