What are 3 things the respiratory system does to air? (aside from air distribution and gas exchange)
Warms, filters and humidifies air
What is the one organ of the respiratory system that does not serve as an air distributor?
Alveoli - they perform gas exchange
Respiratory organs are involved in at least 3 activities unrelated to breathing. Name 3
Speech
Homeostasis of body pH
Olfaction
What organs are located in the upper respiratory tract?
Nose Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Larynx
What organs are located within the lower respiratory tract?
Trachea
Bronchial Tree
Lungs
Where is the upper respiratory tract located?
Outside the thorax
Where is the lower respiratory tract located?
Within the thorax (the chest)
What are the accessory structures of the respiratory tract?
Oral Caity
Ribcage
Diaphragm
Describe the basic structure of the nose
External portion = bony/cartilaginous fraom covered by skin containing subaceous glands
The 2 nasal bones meet and are surrounded by the frontal bone to form the root
The nose is surrounded by the maxilla
What is a cleft palate?
The palatine bones fail to unite completely and only partially separate the nose and the mouth.
This causes difficulty swallowing and speaking.
What is the septum?
It is a perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, vomer & cartilage which separates the nasal cavity into right and left cavities
What are the 3 passages of the nasal cavity?
Superior Meatus
Middle Meatus
Inferior Meatus
Left & Right cavities each have a set
What is respiratory mucosa?
A mucuous membrane that air passes over which contains a rich blood supply
It contains olfactory epithelium (olfactory nerve cells + rich lymphatic plexus)
What are paranasal sinuses?
Air-contining spaces that open or drain into the nasal cavity.
Each is lined with respiratory mucosa.
4 Pairs: Sphenoid Frontal Ethmoid Maillary
What lines the respiratory tract?
A ciliated mucous membrane
This removes particles as wells as warms & humidifies the air.
What are the 3 portions of the Pharynx?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Which of the 3 portions of the pharynx is not collapsible? Why?
The Nasopharynx - it is not involved with digestion.
Where is the nasopharynx located?
From the posterior nares to the soft palate
Where is the oropharynx located?
From the soft palate to the level just above the hyoid
Where is the laryngopharynx located?
The level of the hyoid to the esophagus
Where are the Pharyngeal Tonsils located? What is another name for them?
In the nasopharynx
Also called Adenoids
What 2 pairs of organs are contained in the Pharynx?
Palatine Tonsils (most commonly removed) Lingual Tonsils