Quiz two questions

Question 1

list 3 physical properties of water

Answer 1

high tensile strength, low viscosity, and cohesive

Question 2

what is the importance of high tensile strength of water?

Answer 2

adds structural support in the xylem of tall plants

Question 3

what is the importance of low viscosity of water

Answer 3

facilitates the transport of water by providing less frictional resistance to the movement of water in the xylem

Question 4

what is the importance of cohesion of water

Answer 4

it allows the water column to remain intact which prevents cavitation

Question 5

water potential=

Answer 5

solute potential + pressure potential

Question 6

what is the water potential of a plant that is turgid?

Answer 6

greater than 0

Question 7

what is the water potential of a plant that is wilted?

Answer 7

less than or equal to 0

Question 8

within a soil-plant-atmosphere continuum when water moves from the soil to the top of the plant where is the highest water potential found?

Answer 8

soil

Question 9

within a soil-plant-atmosphere continuum is water potential in the soil positive or negative?

Answer 9

negative

Question 10

movement of water from the soil into the roots is ______ transport

Answer 10

short distance

Question 11

movement of water from the soil into the roots happens via

Answer 11

diffusion

Question 12

movement of water from the roots to the top of the plant is ______ transport

Answer 12

long distance

Question 13

movement of water in long distance transport happens via

Answer 13

mass flow

Question 14

what are the two forces long distance transport can be driven by?

Answer 14

root pressure and transpirational pull

Question 15

root pressure only aids in long distance transport of what types of plants

Answer 15

short

Question 16

define an embolism

Answer 16

break in the water column

Question 17

why is an embolism bad for plants

Answer 17

it causes damage to the xylem which may be long term; it can also negatively effect future water transport

Question 18

what is a structural feature of xylem tissue that help minimize embolisms and why

Answer 18

the vessels are interconnected and this allows the lateral flow of water which detours water around the blocked vessels

Question 19

what physical property of water helps minimize embolisms and why

Answer 19

high tensile strength because it keeps the water column intact

Question 20

define guttation

Answer 20

the release of water from pores called hydathodes at the end of leaf veins

Question 21

what causes guttation

Answer 21

high root pressure in plants

Question 22

what conditions promote guttations

Answer 22

high soil moisture, plenty of mineral content in the soil, relatively high humidity, and stomata closed

Question 23

what plants do guttation occur in

Answer 23

strawberries or turf

Question 24

what are the protein pores that the bulk of the water that moves in and out of plants cells called

Answer 24

aquaporins

Question 25

the transport of water through aquaporins is called

Answer 25

symplast

Question 26

once water reaches the ____ cell layer it must travel by ____ only

Answer 26

endodermis; symplast

Question 27

why must water travel only by symplast when it reaches the endodermis?

Answer 27

casparian strips in the endodermis cell walls block apoplastic water movement

Question 28

relative humidity=

Answer 28

(actual mass of water vapor in an air mass/mass of water vapor air can hold at saturation) X 100

Question 29

what does VPD stand for?

Answer 29

vapor pressure deficiet

Question 30

how does VPD influence plant water status?

Answer 30

influences the rate a plant transpires which effects the overall water potential of a plant

Question 31

how are plants able to use osmoregulation to survive dry soil conditions

Answer 31

they lower their cells' water potential by increasing the solute level in the cells (produces sugars alcohol etc) which brings total water potential below the soils allowing the roots to take up water