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Quizzie Questions 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

1 out of ______ children is born with a congenital anomaly.

A

75

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1
Q

What is the most common cause of death among individuals between the ages of 1-14 years?

A

Accidents

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2
Q

Most chromosomal disorders are familial. True or False?

A

False

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3
Q

The most common cause of infant mortality is ____________.

A

Congenital or chromosomal abnormalities

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4
Q

Fetal infections may be acquired transplacentally or ____________.

A

Transcervically

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5
Q

Respiration distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis are all conditions associated with ____________.

A

Prematurity

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6
Q

Intrauterine constraint, is an example of which error in morphogenesis?

A

Deformation

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7
Q

Virtually all chromosomal syndromes are associated with congenital malformations and are the result of abnormal gametogenesis. True or False?

A

True

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8
Q

Recovery begins within ________ in uncomplicated cases of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome with management.

A

3-4 days

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9
Q

Fetal growth restriction is most frequently the result of complicating _______ factors.

A

Maternal

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10
Q

Neutrophils are commonly associated with the formation of hyaline membranes in infants with respiratory distress syndrome. True or False?

A

False

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11
Q

In _____% of sudden infant death syndrome cases, the infant is younger than 6 months.

A

90%

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12
Q 
Which of the following conditions is more likely to be lethal?
Hemangioma
Lymphangioma
Hydrops fetalis
Cystic hygroma
A

Hydrops fetalis

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13
Q 
Which of the following is most common tumor among infants?
Hemangioma
Lymphangioma
Neuroblastoma
Sacrococcygeal teratoma
A

Hemangioma

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14
Q

What tumor of infancy may develop in the adrenal medulla and is likely to secrete catecholamines?

A

Neuroblastoma

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15
Q

What suggests that a 3 year old has an undiagnosed neuroblastoma?

A

Bone pain

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16
Q

A patient with a “cat’s eye reflex” may be suspected to have what condition?

A

Retinoblastoma

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17
Q

What conditions involves aniridia, genital abnormalities, and Wilms tumor?

A

WAGR syndrome

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18
Q

Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes are a characteristic of what condition?

A

Retinoblastoma

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19
Q

Most cases of retinoblastomas are (genetic/sporadic) mutations of the RB1 gene.

A

Sporadic

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20
Q

Environmental diseases are most commonly the result of chronic exposure to low levels of contaminants. True or False?

A

True

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21
Q

By 2100, _____ % of the worlds population are expected to be displaced due to rising sea levels.

A

10%

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22
Q

Which disease is not a major health concern related to climate changes?

A

Tuberculosis

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23
Q

Diseases of nutritional origin are not considered environmental diseases. True or False?

A

False

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24
A substance that is not produced by an organism or expected to be found within an organism is a ___________.
Xenobiotic
25
Approximately ____% of the chemicals used within the United States have been experimentally tested for health effects.
1%
26
The cytochrome P-450 cellular enzyme system is primarily located in the endoplasmic reticulum of the ________.
Liver
27
Atmospheric particulates at most _______ in diameter is damaging because they may be inhaled into the alveoli and cause inflammation.
10 micrometers (so <10)
28
What pollutant is a common cause of accidental and suicidal death?
Carbon monoxide
29
The neurologic effects of lead poisoning among children are ______ and primarily impact the _______.
Irreversible; CNS
30
What neurological syndrome is associated with mercury poisoning and may cause deafness and blindness?
Minamata disease
31
Children absorb ____% of ingested lead, while adults absorb 15%.
50%
32
If an individual survives an episode of carbon monoxide poisoning, complete recovery is possible. True/False
True
33
The decay of ________ produces radon.
Uranium
34
At age 70 years, _____% of smokers are alive.
50%
35
Itia-itia is associated with bone softening (osteomalacia) and renal diseases that develops secondary to ________ exposure.
Cadmium
36
What is not associated with exposure to arsenic?
Malignant melanoma
37
Arsenic is toxic because it interferes with ________________.
Oxidative phosphorylation
38
Tobacco use is responsible for ____% of lung cancer diagnoses.
90%
39
``` Tobacco smoke is least likely to increase the rate of ________ cancer development. A. Lung B. Esophageal C. Kidney D. Oral ```
Kidney
40
Smoke has a direct effect on the tracheobronchial mucosa by _________(increasing/decreasing) mucus production.
Increasing
41
Cigarette smoke causes leukocyte recruitment to the lungs, which cause permanent injury that may result in ___________.
Emphysema
42
Alcohol consumption is responsible for 100,000 death each year and ____% are associated with driving under the influence.
50%
43
The effects of acute alcohol poisoning primarily involve the _________?
Central nervous system
44
Use of ______ during pregnancy is associated with fetal microcephaly growth retardation, and facial abnormalities.
Alcohol
45
Approximately 50% of Asians express a form of _________, which may cause flushing and tachycardia after drinking alcohol.
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
46
Chronic alcohol consumption may be associated with hypertension and dilated congestive cardiomyopathy. True or False?
True
47
Hormone replacement therapy increase HDL, decrease LDLs, and is protective against myocardial infarction. True or False?
False
48
Oral contraceptives have a protective effect against development of ovarian cancer and ________ cancer.
Endometrial
49
Centrilobular hepatic necrosis is highly associated with an overdose of _______.
Acetaminophen
50
Chronic _______ toxicity commonly results in headache, dizziness, tinnitus, nausea, or coma.
Aspirin
51
Chronic ______ use may result in dilated cardiomyopathy.
Cocaine
52
Up to 3% of individuals who use ______ will suffer from sudden death.
Heroin
53
``` Which type of mechanical trauma commonly demonstrates jagged or irregular boarders? Incision Puncture wound Laceration Contusion ```
Laceration
54
What form of malignant hyperthermia management reduces the mortality from 80% to 5%?
Muscle relaxants
55
What is the most common form of hyperthermia?
Heat exhaustion
56
loss of consciousness occurs when the core body temperature is reduced to _____.
90 degrees F
57
In order to warm hypothermic regions of the body, it is best to rub the regions to generate heat. True or False?
False
58
What is a source of ionizing radiation associated with diagnostic imaging?
Computed tomography
59
Ionizing radiation has the ability to cause apoptosis, chromosomal translocations, and may also rupture nuclear membranes. True or False?
True
60
When an individual is missing at least 1 nutrient in their die it is termed _________.
Primary malnutrition
61
The visceral protein compartment is depleted most severely in patients with _________.
Kwashiorkor
62
Which form of protein-energy malnutrition manifests with hyper- and hypopigmentation of the skin with relative sparing of muscle mass? A. Kwashiorkor B. Marasmus
Kwashiorkor
63
``` Which of the following is not radiosensitive? Testicles Platelets Red Blood Cells Lens of the Eye ```
Red blood cells
64
Bitot spots represent accumulation of keratinized epithelium that is associated with a deficiency of ________.
Vitamin A
65
Vitamin A stimulates (osteoclast/osteoblast) activity and may also mimic the signs and symptoms of a brain tumor.
Osteoclast
66
Patients suffering from bulimia are (more/less) likely to present with amenorrhea, when compared to those with anorexia nervosa.
less
67
What vitamin is required to prevent osteomalacia?
Vitamin D
68
Among males, obesity is a risk factor for the development of esophageal, thyroid, colon, and kidney cancer. True or False?
True

Pathology (7 decks)

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