Quizzies Exam 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Which of the following causes more clinically significant vascular disorders?

a. Arterial lesions (large to medium sized)
b. Venous lesions

A

arterial lesions

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1
Q

The tunica media is separated from tunica adventitia by the ______.

a. Endothelium
b. Tunica intima
c. Internal elastic lamina
d. External elastic lamina

A

external elastic lamina

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2
Q

Atherosclerosis is most likely to involve which of the following?

a. Small arteries (arterioles)
b. Large elastic arteries
c. Postcapillary venules
d. Collecting venules

A

large elastic arteries

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3
Q

Which layer of the vessel wall contains endothelial cells?

a. Tunica intima
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica adventitia
d. External elastic lamina

A

tunica intima

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4
Q

Which % of general population has hypertension?

A

25%

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5
Q

Which of following is standard response following vascular injury?

a. Medial thickening
b. Intimal thickening
c. Intimal narrowing
d. Adventitial narrowing

A

intimal thickening

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6
Q

Which of the following is not a category of arteriosclerosis?

a. Arteriolosclerosis
b. Monckenberg meidal sclerosis
c. Endothliloslceroiss
d. Atherosclerosis

A

endothliloslceroisis

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7
Q

Without appropriate treatment, _______ of hypertensive individuals will die from a stroke?

a. 10%
b. 30%
c. 50%
d. 70%

A

30%

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8
Q

Following vascular injury, extracellular matrix and ______ accumulate within tunica intima?

a. Edema
b. Smooth muscle cells
c. Transudate
d. Skeletal muscle cells

A

smooth muscle cells

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9
Q

Which of the following is not considered to be a major clinical consequence of atherosclerosis

a. Myocardial infarction
b. Neovascularization
c. Peripheral vascular disease
d. Aortic aneurysm

A

neovascularization

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10
Q

The 2 key features of atheroma development are intimal thickening and lipid accumulation

a. True
b. False

A

true

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11
Q

Which of the following are not considered to be a component of a foam cell?

a. T cells
b. Necrotic debris
c. Macrophages
d. B cells

A

B cells

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12
Q

Virtually everyone older than ______ years will demonstrate the presence of fatty streaks on theluminal surface of their arteries.

a. 10
b. 25
c. 35
d. 45

A

10

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13
Q

Metabolic syndrome is not associated with which of the following?

a. Insulin resistance
b. Dyslipidemia
c. Foam cells
d. Central obesity

A

foam cells

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14
Q

Less than 5% of abdominal aortic aneurysms occur in males older than _______.

a. 20
b. 30
c. 40
d. 60

A

60

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15
Q

When blood splays apart the laminar planes of the media to form a blood-filled channel within theaortic wall, it is termed a _______.

a. True aneurysm
b. False aneurysm
c. Saccular aneurysm
d. Vascular dissection

A

vascular dissection

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16
Q

The 2 MC pathogenic mechanisms of vasculitis are immune-mediated inflammation and _________.

a. Physical trauma
b. Exposure to toxins
c. Irradiation
d. Direct vascular infection

A

direct vascular infection

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17
Q

Which type of aortic dissection may be managed without surgery?

a. Debakey I
b. II
c. III
d. IV

A

III

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18
Q

An abdominal aortic measuring 5.7 cm in diameter is at a(n) _____ risk of rupture each year.

a. 1
b. 11
c. 22
d. 25

A

11

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19
Q

The mortality rate for elective AAA surgery is _____, while the rate for emergency surgery is 50%.

a. 1%
b. 5%
c. 15%
d. 25%

A

5%

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20
Q

The abrupt onset of ocular symptoms is involved with _____ of patients with giant cell arteritis.

a. 2%
b. 33%
c. 50%
d. 98%

A

50%

21
Q

Buerger disease is thought to involve hypersensitivity to ________.

a. Alcohol
b. Polyvinyl chloride
c. Tobacco smoke
d. Asbestos

A

tobacco smoke

22
Q

The development of hepatic angiosarcomas is commonly associated with exposure to which of the following?

a. Carbon monoxide
b. Halogens
c. Lead
d. Polyvinly chloride

A

polyvinyl chloride

23
Q

Fibrinioid necrosis is most likely to be associated with _________.

a. Polyarteritis nodosa
b. Giant cell arteritis
c. Takayasu arteritis
d. Aortic dissection

A

polyarteritis nodosa

24
Q

Kaposi sarcoma is a lymphatic neoplasm associated with which microbial agent?

a. E. coli
b. Cytomegalovirus
c. HHV
d. Epstein-Barr Virus

A

HHV

25
Q

Which condition is a common end point for various cardiac pathologies?

a. Congestive heart failure
b. MI
c. Ventral septal defect
d. Activation of neurohumoral systems

A

congestive heart failure

26
Q

Which mechanism will result in an increase in ventricular pressure?

a. Disorders of conduction
b. Obstruction to flow
c. Regurgitant flow
d. Rupture of a major vessel

A

obstruction to flow

27
Q

Overstretching cardiac myofibers leads to increased CO, is termed _______.

a. Hypertrophy
b. Hyperplasia
c. Frank-Starling mechanism
d. Purkinje neurocontraction

A

Frank-Starling mechanism

28
Q

What is the MC cause of left-sided cardiac failure?

a. Aortic valve stenosis
b. Physiologic hypertrophy
c. Weightlifting
d. Ischemic heart disease

A

physiologic hypertrophy

29
Q

Right-sided heart failure resulting from pulmonary hypertension is termed ________.

a. Angina
b. Congestive heart failure
c. Cor pulmonale
d. Tachycardia

A

cor pulmonale

30
Q

Shunting of blood from the ______ is most likely to manifest as cyanosis.

a. Left-to-right ventricle
b. Right-to-left ventricle

A

right-to-left ventricle

31
Q

Congenital heart disease accounts for _______ of all birth defects.

a. 4%
b. 30%
c. 75%
d. 90%

A

30%

32
Q

Which condition is most likely to interfere with the embryogenesis of cardiac tissue?

a. Pertussis
b. Teratogens
c. Mumps
d. Rubella

A

Rubella

33
Q

Which pattern of aortic coarctation is most likely to have a patent ductus arteriosus?

a. Infantile (preductal)
b. Adult (postductal)

A

infantile

34
Q

What % age of all cases of ischemic heart disease are secondary to coronary artery atherosclerosis?

a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 75%
d. 90%

A

90%

35
Q

Anginal symptoms typically begin when there is obstruction of greater than ______ of a coronary artery

a. 5%
b. 50%
c. 70%
d. 90%

A

70%

36
Q

Which of the following is used as a lab marker to evaluate patients w/ possible myocardial infarction?

a. Inflammasome
b. Vasopressin
c. Cardiac specific lysosomes
d. Creatine Kinase

A

creatine kinase

37
Q

The symptoms associated w/MI are commonly relieved by nitroglycerin & rest?

a. True
b. False

A

false

38
Q

Patients experiencing an acute MI will commonly demonstrate a rapid & scarcely palpable (thready) pulse.

a. True
b. False

A

true

39
Q

Systemic hypertensive heart disease causes _____ thickening of the left ventricular wall w/reduced lumen size.

a. Concentric
b. Eccentric

A

concentric

40
Q

Which of the following is a clinical concern
associated with the development of a friable
vegetation on a patient’s mitral valve?
A. Deep vein thrombosis
B. Increased stroke volume
C. Embolus
D. Right ventricular hypertrophy

A

Embolus

41
Q
Which of the following is the most common primary tumor of adult cardiac tissue?
A. Leiomyoma
B. Myxoma
C. Angiosarcoma 
D. Lipoma
A

Myxoma

42
Q
When acute rheumatic fever develops within adults, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the predominant clinical feature.
A. Arthritis 
B. Carditis
C. Weakness 
D. Dyspnea
A

Arthritis

43
Q

Acute endocarditis involves a _______ heart valve.
A. Previously normal
B. Perviously abnormal

A

Previously normal

44
Q

It is common for calcific aortic stenosis to result in eccentric cardiac hypertrophy.
A. True
B. False

A

False

45
Q
Failure of a cardiac valve to open completely is termed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. Cor pulmonale 
B. Insufficiency 
C. Stenosis
D. Thrills
A

Stenosis

46
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy commonly involves an increase in _________ of 2-3 times.
A. Filling pressure
B. Mural thickness
C. Weight
D. Diameter of the left ventricular lumen

A

Weight

47
Q
What is the fundamental cardiac defect in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy?
A. Amyloid deposition
B. Diastolic dysfunction 
C. Ineffective contraction 
D. Arrhythmia
A

Ineffective contraction

48
Q
Which of the following is most likely to cause acute cor pulmonale?
A. Deep vein thrombosis 
B. Kawasaki disease
C. Mitral valve stenosis 
D. Pulmonary embolism
A

Pulmonary embolism

49
Q
Which of the following is the most clinically significant long-term complication of cardiac transplantation?
A. Deep vein thrombosis
B. Allograft arteriopathy
C. Extracellular matrix breakdown
D. Pulmonary embolism
A

Allograft arteriopathy