Radiation Protection Unit Test 1 Flashcards by Tanner Heafner

Radiation damage to a cell can be visible under a microscope during which phase of mitosis?

a.) metaphase
b.) meiosis
c.) prophase
d.) anaphase

a.) metaphase

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Acute radiation syndrome is a ___________ effect.

a.) late effect
b.) deterministic
c.) stochastic
d.) probablistic

b.) deterministic

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Human cells contain which four major organic compounds?

a.) carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
b.) nucleic acids, water, protein, electrolytes
c.) proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids
d.) electrolytes, carbohydrates, lipids and protein

c.) proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids

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When LET increases, the chance of producing a significant biologic response in the radiosensitive DNA molecule:

a.) decreases slightly
b.) remains constant, not increasing or decreasing
c.) decreases considerably
d.) grows

d.) grows

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Which of the following is/are considered low LET radiation?

1.) xrays
2.) alpha particles
3.) gamma rays

a.) 1 and 3 only
b.) 2 and 3 only
c.) 1 only
d.) 2 only

a.) 1 and 3 only

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If the intensity of radiation in an ionization chamber were measured, which unit would be used to express the amount?

a.) Gyt
b.) rem
c.) sv
d.) c/kg

d.) c/kg

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Moist and dry desquamation can be caused by:

a.) radiation doses received during routine diagnostic imaging procedures
b.) low radiation doses
c.) radiation dose received during annual testing of diagnostic equipment
d.) high radiation doses

d.) high radiation doses

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During what phase of mitosis are the centromeres severed followed by the sister chromatids moving apart and are then subsequently pulled toward opposite poles of the mitotic spindle?

a.) prophase
b.) telophase
c.) metaphase
d.) anaphase

d.) anaphase

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Direct transmission means that x-ray photons:

a.) are absorbed in biologic tissue on interaction
b.) are completely scattered within biologic tissue
c.) pass through biologic tissue with some interaction
d.) pass through biologic tissue without interaction

d.) pass through biologic tissue without interaction

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Death will occur at:

a.) 10 GY
b.) 50GY
c.) 2 GY
d.) 12 GY

d.) 12 GY

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Death from gastrointestinal ARS can occur with exposure as little as:

a.) 6 gy
b.) 1 gy
c.) 10 gy
d.) 2 gy

a.) 6 gy

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Which interaction involves an x-ray photons and an outer shell electrons?

a.) thompson
b.) photoelectric
c.) coherent
d.) compton

d.) compton

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Granddaughter cells form in:

a.) mitosis
b.) meiosis

b.) meiosis

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Compton scatter decreases as:

a.) kvp decreases
b.) kvp increases
c.) mas decreases
d.) mas increases

a.) kvp decreases

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Most radiation damage occurs due to:

a.) water ions
b.) protein alteration
c.) free radicals
d.) direct hits

c.) free radicals

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Protein synthesis (making of proteins) occurs in which of the following locations?

a.) nucleus
b.) endoplasmic reticulum
c.) ribosomes
d.) mitochondria

c.) ribosomes

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LET and biological damage are:

a.) directly proportional
b.) inversely proportional
c.) unrelated
d.) indirectly proportional

a.) directly proportional

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The first stage of ARS is called:

a.) manifest
b.) repair
c.) latent
d.) prodormal

d.) prodormal

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Chromosome produced radiation damage can be analyzed during which portion of the cell cycle?

a.) anaphase
b.) metaphase
c.) prophase
d.) telophase

b.) metaphase

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What is the principal response of the blood caused by radiation exposure?

a.) decrease in cell number
b.) chromosome fragementation
c.) cell proliferation stimulation
d.) chromosome rearrangement

a.) decrease in cell number

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The point or region on a chromosome to which the spindle attaches during mitosis and meiosis is termed the:

a.) chromatid
b.) chromatin
c.) nuclear membrane
d.) centromere

d.) centromere

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Which of the following mean random in nature?

a.) nonstochastic
b.) stochastic
c.) deterministic
d.) epidemiologic

b.) stochastic

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If platelets are affected by radiation exposure, which of the following may occur:

a.) the body cannot fight off infection
b.) blood clots will occur
c.) hemorrhage can occur
d.) organs will atrophy

c.) hemorrhage can occur

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skeletal damage to the fetus is most likely to occur during:

a.) 10 days- 12 weeks
b.) 3rd trimester
c.) 3 week-20 weeks
d.) 1st trimester

c.) 3 week - 20 weeks

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Based on current data, which of the following would be considered a safe radiation dose for the gonads of both males and females? a.) 5 gyt b.) 1 Gyt c.) 0 Gyt d.) 3 gyt

c.) 0 Gyt

Cataracts can occur with an exposure of ________Gy. a.) 2 b.) 10 c.) 6 d.) 1

a.) 2

The amount of energy transferred from an x-ray beam to an object in its path is called: a.) equivalent dose b.) absorbed dose c.) exposure d.) effective dose

b.) absorbed dose

Which of the following means there is a safe level of radiation for certain effects and those effects are directly proportional to the dose received? a.) linear, non threshold b.) linear, threshold c.) nonlinear, threshold d.) nonlinear, nonthreshold

b.) linear, threshold

Which of the following cannot be seen with doses in diagnostic radiology a.) thyroid cancer b.) breast cancer c.) genetic effects d.) whole body syndromes

d.) whole body syndromes

If a quantity of ionizing radiation is delivered over a long period of time, the effect: a.) will be greater than if it were delivered all at once b.) depends solely on the radiation quality c.) has no relation to the length of time it was delivered d.) will be less than if it were delivered all at once

d.) will be less than if it were delivered all at once

Free radicals are usually caused by a _____________ interactions. a.) indirect b.) direct

a.) indirect

_______________ are a normal part of metabolism and immunity until they overwhelm the body's system a.) thrombocytes b.) plateletes c.) erythrocytes d.) free radicals

d.) free radicals

Which portion of the GI system is most sensitive to radiation a.) large intestine b.) small intestine c.) stomach d.) esophagus

b.) small intestine

Direct action is more likely to occur with: a.) high LET b.) sparsely, ionizing c.) high energy d.) low LET

a.) high LET

Disassociation of water molecules following radiation is termed: a.) cross linking b.) point mutation c.) ionization d.) radiolysis

d.) radiolysis

Cells are most radiosensitve if they are: 1.) immature 2.) highly undifferentiated 3.) rapidly divide a.) 1 and 3 b.) 2 and 3 c.) 1, 2 and 3 d.) 1 and 2

c.) 1, 2 and 3

Nucleic acids make up ____________ % of the cell. a.) 90 b.) 1 c.) 15 d.)2

b.) 1

Death will occur within __________ when the gastrointestinal syndrome occurs during ARS. a.) 3 days b.) 6 weeks c.) 2 weeks d.) 4 hours

a.) 3 days

A ___________ response to radiation is directly proportional to the dose received. a.) nonlinear b.) linear c.) curvilinear d.) nonthreshold

b.) linear

Which type of dose response curve represents radiation induced genetic effects? a.) Nonlinear, nonthreshold b.) nonlinear, threshold c.) linear, threshold d.) linear, nonthreshold

d.) linear, nonthreshold

During meiosis, or reductoin division a.) the cell divides twice in succession, but chromosomes are duplicated only one time b.) the cell divides twice in succession, and chromosomes are duplicated twice c.) the cell divides only once, and chromosomes are duplicated only one time d.) the cell divides only once, but chromosomes are duplicated twice

a.) the cell divides twice in succession, but chromosomes are duplicated only one time

Which ARS requires the largest exposure before effects are seen? a.) GI b.) skeletal c.) hemapoietic d.) CNS/ cerebrovascular system

d.) CNS/ cerebrovascular system

Which radiation type has the highest RBE? a.) alpha b.) beta c.) x d.) gamma

a.) alpha

The term efd refers to : a.) somatic and genetic effects b.) organ dose c.) genetic effects d.) whole body dose

d.) whole body dose

LET is defines as: 1.) absorption of energy 2.) a method of expressing tissue sensitivity 3.) a measure of the rate at which radiation energy is transferred to soft tissue a.) 2 only b.) 3 only c.) 1 and 3 d.) 2 and 3

b.) 3 only

Which of the following damage to DNA Is easiest to repair? a.) double strand break b.) single strand break c.) double strand break in the same rung of the ladder d.) none of these are able to be repaired

b.) single strand break

Equivalent dose: a.) none of the above b.) attempts to take into account the various differences in biologic harm caused by differing types of radiation c.) takes into account the dose for all types of tissue being irradiated d.) takes into account the sensitivity of tissues and assigns a tissue or organ weighting factor in order to determine efd

b.) attempts to take into account the various differences in biologic harm caused by different types of radiation

Which of the following groups of cells is the most sensitive? a.) adult nerve cells b.) erythrocytes c.) lymphocytes d.) muscle cells

c.) lymphocytes

The main function of the NRC is to: a.) inspect imaging facilities b.) oversees the nuclear energy industry c.) regulate imaging facilities a.) 1, 2 and 3 b.) 3 only c.) 1 only d.) 2 only

d.) 2 only

Which of the following produces scatter as a result of vibration of the electrons? a.) compton interaction b.) coherent scatter c.) photodisintegration d.) photoelectric interaction

d.) photoelectric interaction

A radiation monitor must be worn by a worker if there is a possibility of receiving _________ % or more of the annual occupational dose limit. a.) 10 b.) 25 c.) 60 d.) 40

a.) 10

Tissues that are ________ with a ___________ metabolic rate are more radiosensitive. a.) immature, low b.) immature, high c.) mature,high d.) mature, low

b.) immature, high

The dose limit for the general public is _________ the dose limit for occupational exposure. a.) 3/4 b.) 1/10 c.) 1/2 d.) 1/5

b.) 1/10

Damage to red blood cells will cause: a.) infection to occur b.) organs to atrophy c.) blood will not be able to clot d.) blood will clot too easily

b.) organs will atrophy

When DNA is targeted by the x-ray photons, this is called _______________. a.) indirect effect b.) target theory c.) direct effect d.) DNA is never targeted by itself

c.) direct effect

Secondary barriers can be struck by __________ radiation. 1.) primary 2.) scatter 3.) leakage a.) 1 and 2 b.) 1 and 3 c.) 2 and 3 d.) 1, 2 and 3

c.) 2 and 3

Which blood cells are the most radiosensitve? a.) erythrocytes b.) lymphocytes c.) platelets d.) thrombocytes

b.) lymphocytes

If a technologist is receiving 200 Mr/hr standing 1 foot from the patient during fluoroscopy, what is his rate of exposure when he steps back to a distance of 2 feet from the patient? a.) 175 Mr/hr b.) 100 Mr/hr c.) 50 Mr/hr d.) 74 Mr/hr

c.) 50 Mr/hr

A little radiation is good for you is otherwise known as: a.) radiolysis b.) protraction c.) fractionation d.) radiation hormesis

d.) radiation hormesis

Of the differing types of radiation listed which has the highest RBE: a.) gamma b.) x c.) beta d.) alpha

d.) alpha

Which of the following hasn't been determined to be a more accurate for humans exposed to 3-4 Gy. a.) LD 100/60 b.) LD 10/30 c.) LD 50/30 d.) LD 50/60

d.) LD 50/60

Short term, high dose exposure will most likely result in: a.) nonstochastic effects b.) probablistic effects c.) random effects d.) stochastic effects

a.) nonstochastic effects

In measuring lethal dose, what does 50 mean? a.) a dose where 50 % of the exposed population dies b.) the exposed population will die 50% of the time c.) 50 Gy is considered deadly d.) the exposed population will die in 50 days

a.) a dose where 50 % of the exposed population dies

Which of the following humans is most radiosenstive? a.) a mature adult b.) a fetus during the third trimester of gestation c.) a 5 year old child d.) an embryo fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy

d.) an embryo fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy

The SI Unit equivalent of exposure is: a.) sv b.) gy c.) rem d.) air ekrma

d.) air kerma

________ takes the instructions from the DNA to other parts of the cell a.) mrna b.) rna c.) rrna d.) trna

a.) mrna

Hair loss after exposure to large doses of radiation is termed: a.) erythema b.) desquamation c.) epilation d.) epistaxis

c.) epilation

Which of the following photon tissue interactions does not occur in diagnostic radiography? a.) Compton interaction b.) photoelectric interaction c.) pair production d.) coherent scatter

c.) pair production

The photoelectric effect is most likely to occur with: 1.) high atomic number 2.) high energy incident photons 3.) positive contrast media a.) 1 and 2 b.) 1 and 3 c.) 2 and 3 d.) 1, 2 and 3

b.) 1 and 3

A reddening of the skin due to radiation damage is called: a.) epilation b.) alopecia c.) radiodermititis d.) desquamation

c.) radiodermititis

Reduction in the number of primary photons in the beam is called: a.) indirect transmission b.) direct transmission c.) absorption d.) attenuation

d.) attenuation

A dose of ___________ GY will cause temporary sterility a.) 1 b.) 2 c.) .1 d.) 6

b.) 2

Deterministic effects follow the __________ dose response curve. a.) nonlinear, threshold b.) linear, nonthreshold c.) nonlinear nonthreshold d.) linear threshold

d.) linear threshold

When irradiated , which biologic material will be most senstive? a.) hypoxic b.) oxygenated c.) anoxic

c.) anoxic

Absorbed dose depends on : a.) whole body dose b.) fractionation c.) exposure d.) atomic number

d.) atomic number

In general nonstochastic effects occur: a.) only after a large doses of radiation are received b.) after all diagnostic imaging procedures c.) only after some diagnostic imaging procedure d.) only after routine fluoro procedures

a.) only after a large doses of radiation are received

Erythema can occur with ______ Gy. a.) .5 b.) .1 c.) 2 d.) 1

c.) 2

Which of the following systems provides the least patient exposure during fluroscopic imaging? a.) vidocon b.) mirror optics c.) plumbicon d.) orthicon

c.) plumbicon

1 sv = __________ msv a.) 1000 b.) .001 c.) 100 d.) 10000

a.) 1000

Restitution deletion and broken end rearrangements are examples of: a.) what occurs after a chromosome is damaged b.) the result of damage to the DNA c.) the result of damage to the entire cell d.) what causes a chromosome to become damaged

a.) what occurs after a chromosome is damaged

Most genetic information is found in the: a.) nucleolus b.) ribosome c.) nucleus d.) daughter cell

c.) nucleus

Organs develop during the ___________ a.) during the third trimester b.) at 20 weeks c.) 10-12 weeks after conception d.) 0-9 days after conception

c.) 10 - 12 weeks after conception

Restitution when a chromosome is effected by radiation will result in: a.) mutations b.) too much damage to be repaired c.) aprt of the chromosome missing when it divides the next time d.) repair of the chromosome

d.) repair of the chromosome

Which of the following is the major function of meiosis a.) increases the number of germ cells b.) carry the genetic code c.) all of these d.) reduce the number of chromosomes by half

d.) reduce the number of chromosomes by half

DNA Is a _________ a.) electrolyte b.) inorganic compound c.) protein d.) nucleic acid

d.) nucleic acid

Which of the following are effects on DNA? 1.) chromosome breaks 2.) double strand breaks 3.) apoptosis 4.) cross linking 5.) deletions 6.) single strand break 7.) mutations a.) 2 and 3 b.) 2, 4, 6, 7 c.) all of these have an effect on DNA d.) 1, 5, 7

b.) 2, 4, 6, 7

_____________ occurs before mitosis a.) interphase b.) anaphase c.) metaphase d.) telophase

a.) interphase

The steps or rungs of the DNA ladder like structure consist of complementary chemicals that are a.) fatty acids b.) pairs of nitrogenous bases c.) acetic acids d.) sugar phosphate compounds

b.) pairs of nitrogenous bases

Which of the following is not a form of ARS? a.) carcinogenic sundrome b.) GI syndrome c.) hematopoietic syndrome d.) cerebrovascular syndrome

a.) carcinogenic syndrome

A __________ response to radiation is directly proportional to the dose received a.) nonlinear b.) linear c.) nonthreshold d.) sigmoid

b.) linear

Which dose response relationship can follow a sigmoid curve? a.) nonlinear threshold b.) linear nonthreshold c.) linear threshold d.) nonlinear nonthreshold

a.) nonlinear threshold

Radiation Protection Unit Test 1 Flashcards

(91 cards)