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NBDE 1 Random subjects > Random Physio > Flashcards

Random Physio Flashcards

1
Q

Nicotinic cholinoreceptors open what channels

A

Na+ and K+

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2
Q

Alpha 1 and Muscarinic receptors

A

increase intracellular Ca2+

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3
Q

B1 and B2 receptors

A

increase cAMP

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4
Q

Alpha 1 receptors

A

decrease cAMP

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5
Q

There are how many liters of intracellular and extracellular fluid

A

25 L intracellular

15 L extra(12 interstitial/3 plasma)

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6
Q

Disease due to los of lung elasticity

A

emphysema

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7
Q

Tidal volume is

A

air volume during normal breath

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8
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

maximum volume inspired after tidal.

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9
Q

Expiratory reserve

A

Maximum volume expired after tidal

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10
Q

Inspiratory Capacity

A

Volume of air inhaled during maximal breath from normal(tidal) expiration.

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11
Q

VItal Capacity

A

Maximum inhale and exhale total

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12
Q

Residual volume and equation

A

volume after max ehilation

RV= FRC-ER

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13
Q

Functional Residual Capacity(FRC) volume and equation

A

Residual after tidal expiration

FRC= ER+RV

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14
Q

TLC Total Lung Capacity

A

Entire lung

TLC= VC+RV

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15
Q

Forced Vital Capacity

A

Expired volume after forced inspiration and forced expiration(same as vital capacity)

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16
Q

Force Expiratory Volume

A

Timed over 1 second to compare to VC. Can be used to classify lung disease as restrictive or obstructive

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17
Q

Main arteries that supply the hear?

A

left and right coronary arteries

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18
Q

Veins with oxygenated blood

A

pulmonary veins

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19
Q

Order of blood going through heart valves

A

Tricuspid, pulmonary, bicuspid/mitral, aortic valve

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20
Q

During systole which valves are closed?

During diastole which valves are closed?

A

systole: tri/bicuspid/mitral
diastole: pulmonary and aortic

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21
Q

On a EKG(Q-R) systole is:

diastole is:

A

systole: Q-T
diastole: T-R

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22
Q

Extra P wave heart arrhythmias can cause/indicate

A

partial heart block.

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23
Q

Inward currents of positive ions in nerve

A

depolarization

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24
Q

outward currents of positive ions

A

repolarization

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25
Q

Why are pacemaker action potentials different?

A

don’t use Na+ K+, just slow Ca2+

26
Q

Oncotic pressure vs hydrostatic pressure

A

oncotic is dependant on protein content

hydrostatic is generated by the heart

27
Q

Starling equation

A 
Fluid movement(Jv)
Hydrostatic Capillary(Pc)
Hydrostatic Interstitial (Pi)
Capillary Oncotic(Oc)
Interstitial Oncotic(Oi)

Jv=(Pc-Pi)-(Oc-Oi)

28
Q

A positive Jv(fluid movement) indicates

A

fluid moving= into the tissue

29
Q

A negative Jv(fluid movement) indicates

A

fluid moving into the vessel

30
Q

Ejection fraction (heart)

A

% of blood ejected after systole
Greater than 50% good
less than 50% indicates heart failure

EF=Stroke volume/end diastolic volume

31
Q

Cardiac output equals

A

stroke volume x heart rate

32
Q

stroke volume increases when
_______increases,
_______ decreases, and
_______ increases

A

preload increases
afterload decreases,
contractility increases

33
Q

Increased intracellular Na+ on the heart

A

increases stroke volume

34
Q

Chronotropy

A

Effects that change heart rate

35
Q

Inotropy

A

Effects that change the force of contractions

36
Q

6 things that are filtered out of urine in proximal convoluted tubule

A

Sodium, K+, Glucose, AAs, bicarbonate, water

37
Q

In the descending LOH of the kidney water…

A

can passively diffuse for the last time

38
Q

ascending LOH of kidney

A

Highly permeable to NaCl, NO water. Potassium can reenter here in exchange for Na(cotransporter)

39
Q

Distal Convoluted tubule

A

Sodium traded for potassium. Water can leave only with aldosterone present.

40
Q

Main route of calcium excretion

A

feces.

41
Q

aldosterone acts on which parts of the nephron.

Side effect?

A

DCT and collecting duct

can cause hypokalemia by excreting too much K+ trying to maintain water and Na`

42
Q

vasa recta

A

part of peritubular capillary network that reabsorbs whatever passes through nephron to intersitium

43
Q

Excess somatoTROPIN before/after puberty leads to:

A

gigantism pre puberty

acromegaly post

44
Q

What delays puberty until after childhood?

A

hypothalamus not releasing GnRH which means no FSH or LH to stimulate sex hormone secretion

45
Q

Hormones that encourage bone formation

A

GH, insulin, estrogen, androgen, Vit. D, Calcitonin

46
Q

Bone resorption is stimulated in

A

PTH, Vit D, Cortisol

Inhibited by Estrogen and calcitonin

47
Q

PTH increases _______ while decreasing _______

A 
increases blood calcium
decreases phosphate(excreted in nephron
48
Q

too much PTH?

A

Muscle tetini

49
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

Muscle weakness disease caused by antibodies binding to acetylcholine receptors

50
Q

Myosin light chain kinase

A

enzyme in smooth MM activated by calmodulin to leading to phosphorylation of myosin heads

51
Q

Myogenic

A

heart muscle is considered myogenic instead of neurogenic because impulses are started by the SA node

52
Q

Gastric hormone that slows digestion and secretion in the duodenum and jejunum

A

CCK Cholecystokinin

also stimulates pancreas enzyme and bile secretion

53
Q

Main gastric hormone that stimulates pancreas to release bicarbonate, pancreatic enzyme, and bile.

A

secretin

54
Q

Gastric hormone that stimulates for insulin secretion

A

GIP(gastrin inhibitory)

similar to cck, slows motility and secretions

55
Q

Gastric hormone that stimulates gastric motility and HCL secretion. It is stimulated by protein in the stomach, distension, and parasympathetic input.

A

Gastrin

56
Q

Neck cells of the stomach

A

secrete mucous

57
Q

Parietal cells of the stomach

A

release HCL and intrinsic factor(B12)

58
Q

Chief cells of stomach

A

secrete pepsinogen

59
Q

G cells

A

secrete gastrin into blood(only intrinsic gastric cell)

60
Q

What primarily does the ileum absorb

A

bile salts, vitamin B12, water, electrolytes

61
Q

Vitamins the intestinal flora aid in uptaking.

A

Vitamin K and B7(bio7in) from fiber

62
Q

what causes death in pts. with really bad liver health?

A

buildup of urea

NBDE 1 Random subjects (8 decks)

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