Random Recall Part 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Vascular calcification’s greatest risk factor
A
Low bone turnover/Adynamic Bone disease
2
Q
What is feared using 0 K Bath/Low K Bath
A
Arrhythmia
3
Q
Most dreaded complication of Acquired Polycystic Kidney Disease
A
Malignancy
4
Q
Other Treatment option for APKD proven by studies that can dec. cyst size/vol
A
Tolvaptan
5
Q
uremic toxin is attributed to platelet dysfunction
A
Guanidosuccinic Acid
6
Q
most common stimulus for PTH release
A
decrease in Calcium
7
Q
imaging to rule out ADPKD having infection
A
FDG PET
8
Q
Hallmark of renal disease progression
A
Proteinuria
9
Q
Hypokalemia, Low rennin, Low aldo, HTN, Met Alkalosis
A
LIDDLE’s Syndrome
10
Q
only urinary findings with Acetazolamide
A
Bicarbonaturia
11
Q
Treatment of NDI, antihyperglycemic agent
A
Chlorpropramide
12
Q
Mechanism of hyperkalemia sec. to Trimethroprim
A
Blocks ENAC
13
Q
MC cause of hypermagnesemia
A
Renal Insufficiency
14
Q
PTH Localization pre op
A
Sestamibi scan
15
Q
Most Common form of Calcium in the blood
A
Free Ionized Ca
16
Q
GN Associated with NSAID use
A
MCD
17
Q
treatment to MN
A
Ponticelli Protocol
18
Q
Management of AntiGBM Disease
A
Plasmapheresis+Steroids+Cyclophosphamide
19
Q
minimal mesangial stain for C3 IgM and effacement of foot process on EM
A
MCD
20
Q
Most common cause of RPGN in adult
A
Pauci Immune Crescentic GN
21
Q
supepithelial hump deposits
A
PSGN
22
Q
subepithelial deposits
A
MN
23
Q
cause of hematuria in Sickle cell nephropathy
A
Microinfarcts in the medulla
24
Q
Agent Causing collapsing FSGS
A
Pamidronate
25
steroid resistant FSGS treatment
Cyclosporine
26
Type of FSGS behaves like MCD with sudden/abrupt proteinuria
Tip lesion FSGS
27
Treatment for C3GN
MMF+ Rituximab
28
Synpharyngitic hematuria
IgAN
29
GN patient is morbidly obese
FSGS (Perihilar Type
30
feature of IgAN with better prognosis
macroscopic hematuria
31
fluid of choice to test if prerenal responsive vs. HRS
Human Albumin 25%
32
is combined with large volume paracentesis
Human Albumin 25%
33
agent that causes AKI by TMA
Bevacizumab
34
Drug causing AKI that causes precipitation of Crystals
Methotrexate
35
Novel AKI biomarker that assist in repair of renal tubules and decreases apoptosis
NGAL
36
RRT of choice IN Tumor lysis Syndrome
Intermittent HD
37
Treatment of AKI with volume overload
Furosemide
38
protein requirement of a given patient,AKI on RRT
1-1.3
39
protein requirement of a given patient,AKI on CRRT
1.7 g/kg
40
Inflammatory cell seen earliest in Ichemic Injury/AKI
neutrophil
41
Endothelial phenomenon that result to reduction of blood vessel density following ischemic injury
Vascular drop out
42
Mechanism of AKI induced by NSAIDs
vasoconstriction
43
mechanism of AKI in CIN
direct tubular toxicity
44
mechanism of NAC
depleting glutathione
45
post cardiac procedure, with livedo reticularis, elevated crea, oligoanuria)
atheroemboli
46
Antihypertensive medication for post delivery breastfeeding mom
Labetalol,M-Methyldopa,P-Propranolol,E-Enalapril C-Captopril
47
HD of pregnant patient
20hours/week
48
safe immunosuppressive KT drugs in pregnancy:
CAST (C-CYA,A-AZA,S-Steroid, T-Tacrolimus)
49
Beta blocker medications known to be contraindicated in pregnant
atenolol
50
MHC I
CD8
51
MHC II
CD4
52
Drug that block the IL-2 transduction
CNI
53
Immunosuppressive drug use for high risk group but also has highest risk of infection
rATG
54
Most common cause of Delayed Graft Function
Ischemic ATN
55
post KT, oligoanuria, intraop( massive bleeding, difficulty in anastomosis due to multiple art
Renal artery thrombosis
56
Treatment of choice of pregnant KTR with Acute rejection
High dose steroids
57
Erosion of the renal calyx that progresses to papillary necrosis, renal parenchymal cavitation & dilated calyces
active renal TB
58
encrusted cystitis cause
Corynebacterium
59
treatment of choice in a given case of renal mass less than 4cm, normal renal function
surveillance
60
MC site of mets of RCC
Lung
61
Most common cause of Hypercalciuria causing stone
Increase Intestinal Absorption
62
Struvite stone treatment of choice
Surgical removal
63
Kidney stone treatment of choice
K citrate
64
next Treatment of stone post ESWL failure
ureteral stent
65
Limit of Na correction rate
0.5 mmol/hr
66
site of maximal bicarbonate reabsorption
proximal tubule
adaptation in chronic metabolic acidosis increase NHE at proximal tubule
67
action of angiotensin II
constrict efferent arterioles
68
k in kt/v
dialyzer clearance of urea
69
1st line medication in hypertension in pregnancy
methyldopa
70
antihypertensive in breastfeeding postpartum
acei, methldopa, labetalol, propranolol
71
pathophysiology of AFLP in pregnancy
prerenal vasoconstriction of renal artery
72
PTH finding in hypercalciuria
increased PTH
73
imaging test for renal abscess
CT scan
74
most common site of injury in cisplatin toxicity
s3
75
mechanism in ATN
apoptosis, low K and ATP
76
mechanism of injury in cin
toxic and hypoxic injuries at the outer medulla
77
differentiate between obstruction due to stasis or dilatation
diuretic renography
78
ttkg 2-3
increased tubular delivery
79
most common site of RCC metastasis
lungs
80
most common symptom in RCCA
hematuria
81
type of RCCA which is least aggressive despite presentation of a large mass
oncocytoma
82
cyst classification with indefinite parenchymal enhancement
Type III
83
block synthesis of cytokines including IL2 not B cells
corticosteroids
84
inhibit calcineurin synthesis, IL2 and other T cell activation molecules
cyclosporine
85
inhibits pure synthesis lymphocyte replication inhibited
azathioprine
86
reversible inhibition of de novo pathway of purine synthesis relatively lymphocyte selective
MMF
87
advantage of end to side in cannulation
avoid venous hypertension
88
hallmark of AIN
inflammatory infiltrates with interstitial edema
89
targets renal fibrosis in FSGS
pirfenidone
90
most effective medication in decreasing pth and ica
cinnacalcet
91
determines solute transport and dialyzer clearance
thickness of membrane
92
most potent non-osmotic stimuli of AVP
nausea
93
stimulates NHE at proximal tubule
low dose angiotensin, insulin
94
treatment of acute prostatitis
b lactam or aminoglycoside x 6 weeks
FQ oral
95
chronic prostatits tx
quinolones, macrolides
cipro/levox
doxycycline/macrolide
96
mechanism of action of CNI in AKI
microvascular constriction
97
(+) C4D, DSA, ABO, allograft dysfunction
Acute antibody mediated rejection
98
management in HRS
colloid plus albumin
99
ivf for post obstructive diuresis
0.45 Nacl IV
100
duration from pharyngitis to nephritic syndrome
more than 7 days
101
most important determinant of uric acid stones
low urine pH
102
most likely seen stone in hyperuricosuria
ca oxalate
103
duration of treatment post removal of struvite stone
until 4 weeks post eswl
104
GFR in pregnancy
increased 50-65
105
most effective in directly blocking RAAS
aliskerin
106
most significant regulator of FGF23
Vitamin D
107
responsible for water reabsorption in response to vasopresing at CD
aqp2
108
1st line in acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis
quinolones
109
risk factors for UTI in post kt
female, DM, immunosuppresion, allograft trauma
110
most reliable test for genitoruinary TB
IVP
111
treatment of GUTB
2HRZE/4HR
112
most Na and Water reabsorption at proximal tubule
NHE
113
diuretic causing impotence, DM
thiazide
