Random Review NEUROMUSCULAR Flashcards

Question

Expected impairments from injury to middle cerebral artery

Answer 1

- Most common site of CVA - Wernicke's aphasia in dominant hemispheere - Homonymous hemianopsia - Apraxia - Flat affect - Contralateral weakness and sensory loss of face and UE - Impaired spatial relations - Anosognosia in non-dominant hemisphere - Impaired body schema

Answer 2

- Contralateral pain and temperature sensory loss Contralateral hemiplegia, mild hemiparesis - Ataxia, athetosis, or choreiform movement - Quality of movement is impaired - Thalamic pain syndrome - Prosopagnosia w/ occipital infarct - Hemiballismus - Visual agnosia - Homonymous hemianopsia - Memory impairment - Alexia, dyslexia - Cortical blindness from bilateral involvement

Answer 3

- Loss of consciousness - Hemiplegia or tetraplegia - Comatose or vegetative state - Inability to speak - Locked-in syndrome - Vertigo - Nystagmus - Dysphagia - Dysarthria - Syncope - Ataxia

Answer 4

- Weakness of involved muscles - Hypertonicity - Hyperreflexia - Mild disuse atrophy - Abnormal reflexes

Answer 5

- Cerebral palsy - Hydrocephalus - ALS (both lower and upper) - CVA - Birth injuries - MS - Huntington's chorea - TBI - Pseudobulbar palsy - Brain tumors

Answer 6

- Flaccidity or weakness of involved muscles - Decreased tone - Fasciculations - Muscle atrophy - Decreased/absent reflexes

Answer 7

- Poliomyelitits - ALS (lower and upper) - Guillain-Barre syndrome - Tumors involving the spinal cord - Progressive muscular atrophy - Trauma - Infection - Bell's palsy - Carpal tunnel syndrome - Muscular dystrophy - Spinal muscular atrophy

Answer 8

- Term used to describe the behavior of individuals using their non-paretic limb to push themselves towards their paretic side. - Left unsupported, these patients demonstrate a loss in lateral posture, falling on to their paretic side

Answer 9

- Bilateral neurogenic pain - Reduced perineal sensation - Altered bladder function - Loss of anal tone - Loss of sexual function

Answer 10

*SHOW OFF YOUR BICEP* - Scapula --> elevation and retraction - Shoulder --> Abduction and ER - Elbow --> Flexion - Forearm --> Supination - Wrist --> flexion - Fingers --> flexion and adduction - Thumb --> flexion and adduction

Answer 11

- Scapula --> Depression and protraction - Shoulder --> IR and adduction - Elbow --> extension - Forearm --> pronation - Wrist --> extension - Fingers --> flexion w/ adduction - Thumb --> flexion and adduction

Answer 12

- Hip --> abduction and ER - Knee --> flexion - Ankle --> DF and supination - Toes --> extension

Answer 13

- Hip --> Extension, IR, and adduction - Knee --> extension - Ankle --> PF and inversion - Toes --> Flexion and adduction

Answer 14

- Weakness, paralysis of R side - Increased frustration - Decreased processing - Possible aphasia (expressive, receptive, global) - Possible dysphagia - Possible motor apraxia - Decreased discrimination b/t L and R - R hemianopsia

Answer 15

- Weakness, paralysis of the L side - Decreased attention span - Left hemianopsia - Decreased awareness and judgement - Memory deficits - Left inattention - Decreased abstract reasoning - Emotional lability - Impulsive behavior - Decreased spatial orientation

Answer 16

- Unstable vitals - Decreased consciousness - Decreased ability to swallow - Weakness on both sides of the body - Paralysis on both sides of the body

Answer 17

- Decreased balance - Ataxia - Decreased coordination - Nausea - Decreased ability for postural adjustment - Nystagmus

Answer 18

- Anterior Cord Syndrome - Brown-Sequard's Syndrome - Cauda Equina Injury - Central Cord Syndrome - Posterior Cord Syndrome

Answer 19

- From compression and damage to anterior spinal cord or spinal artery - MOI --> cervical flexion - Loss of motor function, pain/temp sense below lesion - Damage to cotricospinal and spinothalamic tracts

Answer 20

- Usually caused by a stab wound - Paralysis and loss of vibration and position sense on the same side as the lesion - Loss of pain and temp sense on opposite side

Answer 21

- Below L1 - Flaccidity - Areflexia - Impairment of bowel and bladder function

Answer 22

- MOI --> cervical hypeerextension - Upper extremities are affected more than lower - Greater motor deficits than sensory

Answer 23

- Compression of posterior spinal artery - Loss of proprioception, 2-point discrimination, and stereognosis - Motor function preserved

Answer 24

3-4/5 of the following - Gait deviation - + Hoffmann's test - Inverted supinator sign - + Babinski sign - 45+ y/o

Answer 25

- a type of dyskinesia that is often observed as a side effect of antiparkinsonian medication - typically emerges with prolonged use of such medications. - characterized by involuntary, rapid, irregular, and jerky movements

Answer 26

- Abdominal - Corneal ("blink") - Cremasteric - Gag - Plantar

Answer 27

- Spinal level --> T8-L1 - Procedure --> stroke each quadrant in a diagonal toward the belly button - Normal response --> abdominal contraction and deviation of belly button toward stimulus

Answer 28

- Spinal level --> trigeminal and facial nerves - Procedure --> pt looks up and away from you; stroke cornea w/ cotton - Normal response --> both eyes blink

Answer 29

- Spinal level --> L1-L2 - Procedure --> scratch skin of the upper medial thigh - Normal response --> elevation of testicle on ipsilateral side

Answer 30

- Spinal level --> glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves - Procedure --> stimulate side and back of throat - Normal response --> pt gags

Answer 31

- Spinal level --> L5-S1 - Procedure --> test for Babinski - Normal response --> toe flexion (Babinski sign indicates UMN lesion)

Answer 32

- Cognitive stage - Associative stage - Autonomous stage

Answer 33

- Initial stage - Conscious processing of info - Large amounts of error - Inconsistent attempts and performance - High degree of cognitive work

Answer 34

- Intermediate stage - More independently distinguish b/t correct vs incorrect performance - Can progress w/ less structure - Avoid excessive external feedback - Refining skill

Answer 35

- Final stage - Efficient w/o need for cognitive control - Can perform in variable environment

Answer 36

- High tetraplegia (C1-C5) - Mid-level tetraplegia (C6) - Low tetraplegia (C7-C8) - Paraplegia

Answer 37

- Dependent bed mobility and transfers C1-C4 - Mod-max A bed mobility and transfers C5 - Mod I for powered weight shift, Dependent for manual weight shift - Dependent wheelchair management - Mod I powered wheelchair, MaA-dependent manual WC - No gait - Dependent positioning - Dependent feeding

Answer 38

- MinA - modI w/ bed mobility, transfers, weight shift, WC (unless there is power), ROM, feeding - No gait

Answer 39

- ModI to independent bed mobility, weight shifts, WC, feeding - MinA-modI ROM/position - No gait

Answer 40

- IND bed mobility, transfer, WC, ROM, feeding. - ModI weight shift - Orthotics w/ gait

Answer 41

Ulnar nerve

Answer 42

Pronator teres

Answer 43

every 15 reps

Answer 44

every 5 reps

Answer 45

the inability to visually distinguish a figure from the background in which it is embedded

Answer 46

the ability to localize the area tested after a stimulus was provided with vision occluded

Answer 47

- when body temp is lowest and before fatigue. - Morning is the best time for this

Answer 48

- Abdominal - Corneal "blink" - Cremasteric - Gag - Plantar

Answer 49

Stroke each quadrant of the abdomen towards umbilicus

Answer 50

Abdominal contraction, deviation of umbilicus in direction of the stimulus

Answer 51

Trigeminal and facial nerves

Answer 52

- Ask patient to look up and away from you - Stroke the cornea using a piece of cotton

Answer 53

Both eyes will blink with contact to one eye

Answer 54

Scratch the skin of the upper medial thigh

Answer 55

Brisk and brief elevation of ipsilateral testicle

Answer 56

glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves

Answer 57

stimulate the back of the throat

Answer 58

Pt gags, may be absent in subset of the population

Answer 59

stroke lateral aspect of foot from heel to ball of foot and move medially to big toe

Answer 60

- Flexion of toes - Babinski indicates CNS leesion

Answer 61

- No response - Always abnormal

Answer 62

- Diminished/depressed response - May or may not be normal

Answer 63

- Active normal response - Normal

Answer 64

- Brisk/exaggerated response - Moderate joint movement - May or may not be normal

Answer 65

- Very brisk/hyperactive - 1-3 beats of clonus - Reflex can spread to contralateral side - Always abnormal

Answer 66

- Strong muscle contraction - Sustained clonus - Reflex can spread to contralateral side - Always abnormal

Answer 67

- Biceps - Brachioradialis - Triceps - Patellar tendon - Achilles tendon

Answer 68

- Pt in sitting - Thumb over biceps tendon w/ elbow bent - Strike w/ hammer

Answer 69

Contraction of biceps

Answer 70

- Hand resting in lap - Strike radius 1-2 inches superior to wrist

Answer 71

- Contraction of brachioradialis - Elbow flexion +/or forearm supination

Answer 72

- Support UE through humerus - Lower portion hangs w/ elbow flexion - Strike tendon w/ hammer

Answer 73

Contraction of triceps

Answer 74

- Supported knee flexion - Strike tendon w/ hammer inferior to patella

Answer 75

Quad contraction

Answer 76

- Stretch foot at the ankle while in sitting - Strike the Achilles tendon above the foot

Answer 77

Plantar flexion

Answer 78

- Temporary neurological deficits that resolve w/in 24 hours - Nothing shows up on MRI and CT - Strong predictor of future strokes

Answer 79

- Incoordination of movement w/ an inability to tell distance - Usually damage to the cerebellum - Overshooting = hypermetria - Undershooting hypometria

Answer 80

Inability to perform motor activities upon command while sensory and motor are intact

Answer 81

Those w/ damage to the L cerebral cortex

Answer 82

- Double vision - Often due to damage to brainstem

Answer 83

- Inability to perform rapid alternating movements - Damage to cerebellum

Answer 84

- AKA motor overflow - Involuntary movement resulting from activity occurring in other parts of the body - Can be a sneeze, yawn, or movement of another extremity

Answer 85

- Ratchet-like start/stop motion of a joint moved passively - Common in Parkinson's

Answer 86

- slow writhing movement - Usually cause by damage to the basal ganglia

Answer 87

- Involuntary motor activity - Don't pass through pyramids of the medulla

Answer 88

- Bradykinesia - Tremors - Involuntary movements - Impairments w/ movement initiation

Answer 89

- Corticospinal tracts that connect the motor cortex to the spinal cord via the pyramids of the medulla - Damage here causes an UMN injury

Answer 90

- Found in patients w/ severe TBI - Causes patients to be positions w/ UE flexion, LE extension

Answer 91

- Often caused by lesions to the midbrain below the red nucleus - UE + LE extension

Answer 92

1) No response 2) Generalized response 3) Localized response 4) Confused-agitated 5) Confused-inappropriate 6) Confused-appropriate 7) Automatic-appropriate 8) Purposeful-appropriate

Answer 93

- Deep sleep - Unresponsive to any stimuli

Answer 94

- Inconsistent and non-purposeful response to stimuli - Nonspecific - Responses may be physiological changes, gross body movements, and/or vocalization

Answer 95

- Specific but inconsistent response to stimuli - May follow simple commands

Answer 96

- Heightened state of activity - Bizarre and non-purposeful behavior - Does not discriminate among people or objects

Answer 97

- Can respond to simple commands - Gross attention to environment - Highly distractible

Answer 98

- Goal-directed behavior, dependent on external input or direction - Follow simple directions consistently - Shows carryover for relearned tasks

Answer 99

- Appropriate and oriented w/in the hospital and home setting - Frequently robot-like - Shallow recall of activities

Answer 100

- Aware of and responsive to environment - Can undergo job and driving evals

Answer 101

Posterior semi-circular canal of the downside ear

Answer 102

Upbeating and torsional toward the affected ear

Answer 103

Used for the staging of the functional disability associated with Parkinson's disease - Level 1: Little to no disability (unilateral if present) - Level 2: Minimal disability (bilateral or midline w/ no balance impairment) - Level 3: Activity restrictions, balance deficits, and decreased righting reflexes (typically able to live independently) - Level 4: Severe disability, able to stand and walk w/ assistance - Level 5: severe disability, confined to a wheelchair or bed bound

Answer 104

Need for a ventilator during hospital stay

Answer 105

Dizziness handicap inventory (DHI)

Answer 106

- Bilateral pain in the spine (SIJ primarily) - Stiffness in the spine results from ankylosing that often ascends - Leads to spinal mobility limitations and loss of chest expansion

Answer 107

- Severe headache - Neck stiffness - Sensitivity to light

Answer 108

Loss of motor function, pain, and temperature sensation below the level of injury

Answer 109

- Double vision (diplopia) - Slurred speech (dysarthria) - Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) - Inconsistent pattern of motor weakness

Answer 110

Bike test of van Gelderen

Answer 111

Electroencephalogram

Answer 112

0 = no increased tone 1 = slight increase in tone (catch and release/min resistance felt at end range) 1+ = slight increase in tone (catch is followed by min resistance through less than half the range) 2 = Increased tone through most of the range, limb moved easily 3 = increased tone that makes PROM difficulty 4 = Rigid/fixed

Answer 113

- Suggests a central NS or central vestibular system dysfunction - Refer to neurologist

Answer 114

- Abnormal bone growth in soft tissue, usually near joints - Trauma is thought to be a causative factor - Warmth and swelling can be a sign - Stop PROM treatment and contact physician

Answer 115

- ~20%, usually below the level of the lesion - Most often in the hips

Answer 116

Feedback is given after a set number of trials (i.e. every 3rd attempt)

Answer 117

Feedback is given after every trial

Answer 118

Feedback is given initially after every trial and then less often (i.e. move from every trial to every 2nd, then every 4th, and so on)

Answer 119

Feedback is given only when the patient makes an error that is outside the acceptable performance

Answer 120

- Nausea - Light sensitivity - Dizziness - Difficulty w/ balance

Answer 121

- Can develop 1-3 months after recovery from concussion - Dizziness and difficulty paying attention - Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) can be used to assess

Answer 122

- Characterized by incoordination of movement - Indicates damage to cerebellum

Answer 123

11-20 seconds

Answer 124

- Covers fine and gross motor skills - 6 composite scores; 1 comprehensive measure - Includes higher-level gross motor skills like running and jumping

Answer 125

- Minimal data set of 18 items - Measures functional performance in 3 domains: = Self-care = Mobility = Cognition *no higher level skills

Answer 126

- Evaluates change in gross motor function for kids 0-18 years old w/ cerebral palsy - Describes a child's current abilities, not able to predict future progress or function - Not validated in kids w/ TBI

Answer 127

- Norm-referenced - Assesses kids' motor development from birth to 5 years - Score converted to a quotient (mean = 100, SD = 15)

Answer 128

- Can be used to both increase or decrease muscle activity - Feedback from the machine is given to the pt, and they are given instruction to increase or decrease activity depending on the goal

Answer 129

- Autoimmune disorder that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles - Action potentials are unable to be transmitted across the NM junction - Cause by formation of autoantibodies to ACh

Answer 130

- Fluctuating muscle weakness - Varies in severity - Improves w/ rest

Answer 131

- Extraocular eye muscles - Facial muscles - Throat muscles - Proximal muscles of the extremities

Answer 132

Hip flexion + knee extention + ankle DF + ankle inversion

Answer 133

Hip flexion + knee extention + ankle DF + ankle eversion

Answer 134

Hip flexion + knee extention + ankle PF

Answer 135

- Guillan-Barre syndrome - Brainstem stroke - Spinal cord injury - ALS - NOT MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Answer 136

A standardized assessment of a newborn in the first minutes after birth and the response to resuscitation efforts, if needed

Answer 137

- Appearance - Pulse - Grimace - Activity - Respiratory

Answer 138

- 0 points --> Pallor or blue all over - 1 points --> Body pink, extremities blue (acrocyanosis) - 2 points --> Body and extremities all pink

Answer 139

- 0 points --> absent pulse - 1 points --> <100 bpm - 2 points --> >100 bpm

Answer 140

- 0 points --> no response to stimulation - 1 point --> grimace to stimulation, no cry - 2 points --> cry and active movement to stimulation

Answer 141

- 0 points --> none, flaccid - 1 point --> Some flexion of arms and legs - 2 points --> arms and legs flexed

Answer 142

- 0 points --> absent cry - 1 point --> weak cry, irregular - 2 points --> strong cry

Answer 143

- 7-10 --> no intervention, routine care - 4-6 --> some resuscitation assistance required (oxygen, suction, stimulate the baby (rub the back)) - 0-3 --> full resusitation

Answer 144

- Neuropathy - Myopathy - Or both - NOT TYPICALLY ASSOCIATED W/ CNS PROBLEMS

Answer 145

- PNF technique - Overflow of neuronal excitation from strong motor units flows to weak/inhibited motor units - Can occur in any direction and across any body segment

Answer 146

Compression of the joint to facilitate muscle responses in the extensor patterns or during stabilization

Answer 147

Uses the stretch reflex to initiate dynamic movements and facilitate contraction through increased motor unit recruitment

Answer 148

- Use isotonic concentric contractions of the agonists and then antagonists - Improves intramuscular and intermuscular coordination

Answer 149

- Indicates upper motor neuron lesion - Refer to physician for imaging

Answer 150

Bradykinesia and rigidity

Answer 151

20-60 minutes after taking the dose

Answer 152

- Rest time >/= practice time - Results in better learning

Answer 153

Practice time > rest time

Answer 154

- AAA BBB CCC - May be preferred for early learning

Answer 155

- ABC ABC ABC

Answer 156

- CBA ABC BAC - Most preferred for long-term retention

Answer 157

Back-handed slap <> shut the car door

Answer 158

Drawing a sword

Answer 159

Fig 4 <> "stanky leg"

Answer 160

Karate side kick <> Rabona soccer kick

Answer 161

A thickening of the tissue around a nerve leading to the toes

Answer 162

- 5-level system - Used to describe the functional abilities of children w/ cerebral palsy

Answer 163

- Ambulation w/o restriction - Difficulty w/ advanced balance and coordination activities

Answer 164

- No AD needed for ambulation - Limited in the community and outdoors for ambulation

Answer 165

- Uses AD for ambulation - Limited outdoors and in community - May require WC

Answer 166

- Limited self-mobility - May use powered mobility

Answer 167

- Severely limited self-mobility - Transported in manual WC

Answer 168

- a neurosurgical procedure that is used to treat children with cerebral palsy who have severe lower extremity spasticity - consists of cutting the dorsal rootlets of the spinal cord that are related to the spastic muscles of the lower extremities

Answer 169

- >135 - Can result in femoral head being less in contact w/ the acetabulum, causing instability - Can lengthen the leg

Answer 170

1) Light touch --> wisp of cotton 2) Superficial pain --> small, sharp object 3) Temperature/vibration 4) Deep pressure pain 5) Proprioception

Answer 171

- Place pt on the floor - Turn pt's head to one side - Monitor pt's respirations - Time seizure activity - Do not restrict movement, nor place objects in pt's outh

Answer 172

- Typically not enough time - Restricting movements manually could result in injury to the pt or therapist

Answer 173

shuffling pattern

Answer 174

Ataxic gait

Answer 175

- Crouched gait with weakness of knee extensors or plantarflexors - CP can also result in toe walking

Answer 176

- Interventions should focus on active movement without symptom exacerbation - Passive motion does not provide enough benefit for treatment

Answer 177

- Mirror therapy - Graded motor imagery - Desensitization techniques - Modalities

Answer 178

Patient completes w/o need for cues or manual assistance

Answer 179

- Therapist is close to the pt - Provides any necessary cues or instructions - No contact w/ the pt

Answer 180

- Therapist is close to the pt - Hand is touching the pt or the gait belt

Answer 181

Pt completes at least 75% of the task

Answer 182

Pt completes 50-74% of the task

Answer 183

Pt completes 25-49% of the task

Answer 184

Total physical assistance is provided

Answer 185

- Overwhelming majority of pt's w/ MS have an adverse reaction to heat - AKA Uhthoff syndrome - Raising body temperature could lead to exacerbation or temporary worsening of symptoms

Answer 186

- Weakness of facial expression muscles on the affected side - Pain location behind the ear - Inability to close the eyelid on affected side - Loss of taste on the anterior aspect of the tongue

Answer 187

- Inflammation of CN 5 - Intense electric shock-like pain in the face - Symptoms usually provoked by touching the affected area - Usually unilateral

Answer 188

C5, due to the clavicular portion of the pec major depressing the sternum and upper ribs

Answer 189

- Predictor of fall risk - 14 balance tasks, each is scored 0-4 - Max score = 56 - Higher is better

Answer 190

45 or lower

Answer 191

- Vestibular disorder - Presents with vertigo, tinnitus, low-frequency hearing loss, and aural fullness - Idiopathic, but related to the amount of fluid in the ear

Answer 192

a sensation of blockage in the ear

Answer 193

- No cure - Symptoms managed w/ a controlled diet, especially by restricting sodium intake

Answer 194

- Benign tumor - Causes dysequilibrium - Can cause vertigo, but not episodic - B/c it is slow growing, tinnitus and hearing loss are later in progression

Answer 195

- Viral inflammation of CN VII (facial nerve) - Causes unilateral vertigo, hearing loss, Bell's palsy

Answer 196

- Longus colli - SCM - Rectus capitis

Answer 197

- Trapezius - Splenius capitis

Answer 198

- Trapezius - Levator scapulae

Answer 199

- Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Deltoid - Biceps brachii

Answer 200

- Elbow flexors - Supinator - Wrist extensors

Answer 201

- Elbow extensors - Wrist flexors

Answer 202

- Ulnar deviators - Thumb extensors - Thumb adductors

Answer 203

- AKA "foam and dome" test - Measures a patient's postural control under different conditions

Answer 204

For all six conditions, the patient stands with their feet parallel and arms at their side or hands on hips for a minimum of 3 trials of 30 seconds for each condition. - Standing on a firm surface with eyes open - Standing on a firm surface with eyes closed - Standing on a firm surface with a dome made from a modified Japanese lantern - Standing on a foam cushion with eyes open - Standing on a foam cushion with eyes closed - Standing on a foam cushion with a dome made from a modified Japanese lantern.

Answer 205

- Hereditary neurological disorder - Causes peripheral neuropathies - Results in decreased DTR's

Answer 206

Scapular anterior depression and pelvic anterior elevation

Answer 207

Scapular posterior elevation and pelvic anterior depression

Answer 208

- Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale - 16-item self-reported measure on balance confidence during different activities - 0-100 scale (0 = no confidence, 100 = complete confidence)

Answer 209

79.89 +/- 20.59

Answer 210

- 10-item self-reported measure - Rates confidence of pt's to perform 10 daily tasks w/o falling - 1 (very confident) - 10 (not confident at all)

Answer 211

- >70 = fear of falling - >80 = risk of falling

Answer 212

- Incoordination of movement - Errors of force, speed, or trajectory

Answer 213

Can slow limb movements, which reduces ataxia in patients w/ cerebellar injuries

Answer 214

- Agonist of GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter) - Inhibits alpha motor activity in spinal cord - Reduces spasticity

Answer 215

- Severe headache - Fever - Pain w/ stressing meninges (Brudzinski and Kernig signs) - Nuchal rigidity (stiff neck)

Answer 216

- Severe neck stiffness causes a patient's hips and knees to flex when the neck is flexed - Indicates meningeal irritation

Answer 217

Step 1. The patient is positioned in supine with hip and knee flexed to 90 degrees Step 2. The knee is then slowly extended by the examiner (Repeat on both legs) Step 3. Resistance or pain and the inability to extend the patient's knee beyond 135 degrees, because of pain, bilaterally indicates a positive Kernig's sign - Indicates meningeal irritation

Answer 218

- Independent on all indoor surface - Some-total assist on outdoor surfaces

Answer 219

- High-Level Mobility Assessment Tool (HiMAT) - Used for patients who are anticipated to return to sport or vocation

Answer 220

- The set up allows the therapist to manually guide the limbs - The rhythmic input and manual guidance facilitates a reciprocal gait pattern

Answer 221

- The corticospinal tracts pass through here - Stroke here will result in pure motor loss, w/ no loss of cognition, sensation, perception, or language

Answer 222

Bradycardia

Answer 223

- Initial rest period (24 hours often appropriate) - Light aerobic exercise (increase HR w/o symptom provocation) - Sport-specific exercise --> noncontact training drills --> full-contact practice

Answer 224

About a week

Answer 225

- Monitor symptoms - If symptoms worsen or reappear, decrease activity intensity

Answer 226

- Have the patient in long sitting position - passively flexing the head and one hip while keeping the knee in position - positive test is pain down the spine and into the UE or LE

Answer 227

ID dysfunction in the spinal cord and/or UMN lesions

Answer 228

Lasegue test

Answer 229

Dyssynergia

Answer 230

movements of specific segments are not properly sequenced or are of an inappropriate amplitude or direction

Answer 231

dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 232

- Men: 1.2 m/s - Women 1.1 m/s

Answer 233

- tests the ability of the participant to maintain walking balance while responding to different task demands, through various dynamic conditions. - Used w/ individuals with vestibular and balance problems and those at risk of falls. - 8 items scores 0-3 (0 = bad, 3 = best)

Answer 234

- Autonomic dysreflexia - Emergency situation when a noxious stimulus below the level of SCI causes a sympathetic system response - Cervical and thoracic spinal cord (above T6)

Answer 235

- Hypertension - Sweating - Headache - Difficulty breathing - Possible loss of consciousness

Answer 236

- restrictive clothing - pressure ulcer - fecal impaction - blocked catheter

Answer 237

- Sit them upright to decrease BP - Relieve the noxious stimulus

Answer 238

Wrist and finger extensors

Answer 239

- It is suggested repeated exposure to the provoking stimulus will cause the CNS to habituate so that the tolerance of motion improves - DGI can be used not just as an assessment, but as a treatment as well for visual vertigo

Answer 240

- Orthostatic hypotension - Nausea - Dry mouth - Dizziness - Dyskinesias

Answer 241

While levodopa is converted in the brain into dopamine, dopamine agonists mimic the effects of dopamine without having to be converted

Answer 242

Leg swelling

Answer 243

Reduce the excessive ACh due to the decrease in dopamine

Answer 244

They can cause central toxicity

Answer 245

- They block enzymes in the brain that break down levodopa - Primarily used in the early stages of Parkinson's

Answer 246

- Position the arm at the end of the available shoulder PROM - Instruct patient to perform an isotonic contraction of 5-8 s of the antagonist - Then the arm can be passively or actively moved further into the limited direction - Activation of the antagonist results in GTO activation, which assists in relaxation of the limiting muscle

Answer 247

- Norm-referenced test of motor development - Used to assess kids from 1-42 months

Answer 248

- Occurs in many w/ hx of polio - Loss of motor units and deterioration of motor neurons - Increased difficulty w/ ADLs due to increased fatigue, pain, and endurance - Strength training not advised b/c if can result in overuse weakness

Answer 249

- a disturbance in the function of a peripheral nerve usually caused by compression - characterized by slowing and in some cases blockage of nerve conduction. - There is no damage to the nerve fibers except at the site of compression

Answer 250

- nerve signals originating from sites proximal to the lesion would be slowed or blocked - stimulation of the nerve distal to the lesion would produce normal responses

Answer 251

- loss of axonal continuity - reduces the number of axons available for conduction

Answer 252

The amplitude of compound muscle action potentials produced would be smaller

Answer 253

- Controls excessive movement at the subtalar joint - Corrects hindfoot valgus - Prevents forefoot adduction - Wraps around the medial and lateral sides of the foot while supporting the plantar surface of the foot

Answer 254

- 16 item test (9 for balance, 7 for gait) Balance - Sitting balance - Arises - Attemps to arise - Immediate standing balance - Standing balance - Sternal nudge - Eyes closed - Turning 360 degrees - Sitting down Gait - Initiation of gait - Step length and height - Step symmetry - Step continuity - Path - Trunk - Walking stance

Answer 255

- 0-2 scale - Higher = better

Answer 256

- Hip and knee flexion greater than normal - Compensation for the inability to dorsiflex

Answer 257

- the extremity is moved through an agonistic pattern until resistance is felt - the antagonist muscle groups perform an isometric contracted (the extremity does not move as the therapist resists the antagonistic movement pattern) - the patient relaxes, and the extremity is moved through an agonistic pattern again

Answer 258

- Place the agonist in a lengthened position - apply maximum resistance to an isotonic contraction of the agonist - immediately follow that by isotonic contraction of the antagonist

Answer 259

- Place the agonist in a lengthened position - have the patient perform an isometric contraction of the antagonist, then immediately follow that by an isometric contraction of the hamstrings

Answer 260

- Pts w/ a migraine will not display nystagmus or instability while ambulating - Negative Dix-Hallpike - Migraine may have light sensitivity

Answer 261

Slump test + hip abduction

Answer 262

Flexing the hip to 20°, flexing the knee, and plantar flexing the ankle while pt is in sidelying

Answer 263

- a classic parkinsonian symptom - noted as progressive increase in speed with shortened stride length - can occur throughout the medication cycle.

Answer 264

- the inability to initiate movement, found in patients w/ Parkinsons - often as a result of a real or perceived barrier such as a doorway - not related to medication cycles

Answer 265

- Resting tremors - Action tremors

Answer 266

- Seen in patients w/ Parkinsons - Seen when observing the pt at rest and affected limb not activated or supported against gravity

Answer 267

- Postural tremors - Kinetic tremors

Answer 268

occur if a body part is held against gravity for a period of time

Answer 269

occur during any voluntary movement

Answer 270

Cerebellar lesions

Answer 271

- Intention tremor - Non-specified kinetic tremor

Answer 272

- occurs during goal-directed movements - I.E. pressing a target

Answer 273

occurs during non-goal oriented movements

Answer 274

Patients are unable to perform activities upon command, but these motions can be performed spontaneously

Answer 275

- List of numbers or words given - Pt repeats list immediately to demonstrate comprehension - Total recall after 5 minutes - Recall 2+ items after 30 minutes

Answer 276

1 inch/month

Answer 277

- Measures patient outcomes in the home - Includes 13 items to measure instrumental ADLs - Collected by providers of home care services funded by Medicare

Answer 278

- More complex than ADLs, better measure for independent living - Can include items such as preparing meals, shopping, etc (require more planning and thinking)

Answer 279

- General measure of functional ability and ADLs - Measure degree of assistance on 10 items (feeding, ambulation, stair climbing, toileting, etc)

Answer 280

- Assessment of motor function, sensation, and balance - Specifically examines volitional movement w/in and outside common extremity synergistic patterns - Designed for pts who had a stroke

Answer 281

- Measures physical, psychological, and social function - No instrumental activities of daily living

Answer 282

- Burning pain or tingling at sole of foot - Pain with prolonged walking - Pain during ankle eversion from stretching irritate neural tissue - Intrinsic muscle weakness (in long-standing cases)

Answer 283

- Commonly used for kids who are hypersensitive - Therapeutic touch (hands on child's shoulders and firm downward pressure), Hug Machine, wearable garments (pressure or weighted)

Answer 284

Excitatory

Answer 285

As soon as possible after onset of impaired consciousness

Answer 286

>1, <7 days

Answer 287

Ask the patient to identify a particular smell, such as coffee

Answer 288

Have the patient read from an eye chart

Answer 289

Assess the patient’s ability to visually track a moving object - Upward - Downward - Medial gaze Reaction to light

Answer 290

Assess the patient’s ability to visually track a moving object - Downward and inward gaze

Answer 291

- Test sensation of the face - test strength of the muscles of mastication - assess the jaw jerk reflex

Answer 292

Assess the patient’s ability to visually track a moving object - Lateral gaze

Answer 293

Assess taste on the anterior tongue, ask the patient to make particular facial expressions

Answer 294

Assess the patient’s hearing acuity with the use of a tuning fork

Answer 295

Assess taste on the posterior tongue or assess the patient’s gag reflex

Answer 296

Observe the patient swallowing

Answer 297

Assess the strength of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Answer 298

Ask the patient to stick out the tongue and move it side to side

Answer 299

High intensity, high amplitude

Answer 300

- Uses client- or family-generated goals to rate satisfaction and performance - Used to track the perception of the child's performance in the area of participation

Answer 301

- increased resistance to passive stretch is initially present - suddenly decreases back to normal resistance

Answer 302

Due to increased risk for stroke, they should receive immediate medical attention

Answer 303

indicative of a loss of proprioception that occurs with lesions of the spinal cord in the posterior columns

Answer 304

- completed by asking a patient to extend their arms, fully supinated, in front of them. - They are then asked to close their eyes. - If there is any drifting of either hand toward a pronated position, the test is considered positive. - It is an indication of damage to the corticospinal tracts

Answer 305

- completed by asking the patient to step in place with their eyes closed. - The test is negative when they are able to stay in place while stepping - the test is positive when the patient is noted to rotate during the stepping toward the side where there is a unilateral vestibular loss

Answer 306

- suggestive of corticospinal tract dysfunction - present when there is observed movement of the thumb or index finger following the forceful flick of the patient's middle finger with the examiner's thumb

Answer 307

- Complete - No sensory OR motor below S4-S5

Answer 308

- Sensory incomplete - Motor complete below level of injury

Answer 309

- Sensory intact - <1/2 muscles 3/5 OR - Sensory incomplete - Motor function 3+ levels below injury

Answer 310

- Sensory intact - >/= 1/2 muscles 3/5

Answer 311

Normal (in patient that had prior deficits)

Answer 312

- Olfactory - Sensory: smell - Motor:

Answer 313

- Optic - Sensory: Sight - Motor:

Answer 314

- Oculomotor - Sensory: - Motor: eye movement, smooth muscle of eyes

Answer 315

- Trochlear - Sensory: - Motor: eye movement

Answer 316

- Trigeminal - Sensory: Touch, pain of face, nose membranes, sinuses, mouth, anterior tongue - Motor: Mastication

Answer 317

- Abducens - Sensory: - Motor: eye movement

Answer 318

- Facial - Sensory: taste anterior tongue - Motor: Facial muscles

Answer 319

- Vestibulocochlear - Sensory: hearing and balance - Motor:

Answer 320

- Glossopharyngeal - Sensory: touch, pain for posterior tongue/pharynx; taste of posterior tongue - Motor: Swallow

Answer 321

- Vagus - Sensory: touch, pain pharynx, larynx, bronchi; taste for tongue, epiglottis - Motor: Muscles of palate, pharynx, and larynx; thoracic and abdominal viscera (autonomic)

Answer 322

- Accessory - Sensory: - Motor: SCM and traps

Answer 323

- Hypoglossal - Sensory: - Motor: Tongue

Answer 324

On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny, Very Good Vehicle Any How

Answer 325

Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter Most

Answer 326

- Cuneocerebellar tract - Fasciulus cuneatus/gracilis (DCML) - Spinocerebellar tract - Spino-olivary tract - Spinoreticular tract - Spinotectal tract - Spinothalamic tract (anterior/lateral)

Answer 327

- Corticospinal tract (anterior/lateral) - Reticulospinal tract - Rubrospinal tract - Tectospinal tract - Vestibulospinal tract

Answer 328

- Ipsilateral subconscious proprioception - Neck and UE

Answer 329

- Conscious proprioception - 2-point discrimination - Vibration - Graphesthesia

Answer 330

- Ipsilateral subconscious proprioception - Muscle tension - Joint sense - Posture of trunk/LE

Answer 331

- Goes to cerebellum - Info about cutaneous and proprioceptive organs

Answer 332

Levels of consciousness

Answer 333

- Info for spinovisual reflexes - Movement of eyes and head toward a stimulus

Answer 334

- Crude touch - Pressure

Answer 335

Pain and temperature

Answer 336

- Pyramidal - Ipsilateral voluntary, discrete, and skilled movements

Answer 337

- Pyramidal - Contralateral voluntary find movement

Answer 338

- Extrapyramidal - Facilitation or inhibition of voluntary and reflex activity

Answer 339

- Extrapyramidal - Motor input of gross postural tone - Flexor muscles (+) - Extensor muscle (-)

Answer 340

- Extrapyramidal - Contralateral postural muscle tone - Associated w/ auditory/visual stimuli

Answer 341

- Extrapyramidal - Gross postural adjustments (ipsilateral) in response to head movements - Extensors (+) - Flexors (-)

Answer 342

- Stimulus: head position, turned to one side - Response: Arm and leg on face side extended; arm and leg on other side flexed, spine curved w/ convexity toward face side - Normal age of response: 0-6 months

Answer 343

- Stimulus: head position, flexion or extension - Response: flexion --> arms flexed, legs extended; extension --> arms are extended, legs flexed - Normal age of response: 6-12 months

Answer 344

- Stimulus: head position determines labyrinth position in ear - Response: supine --> body and extremities are in extension; prone --> body and extremities are in flexion - Normal age of response: 0-6 months

Answer 345

- Stimulus: touch skin along spine from shoulder to hip - Response: lateral flexion of trunk to side of stimulus - Normal age of response: 30 wks gestation - 2 months

Answer 346

- Stimulus: pressure in palm on ulnar side of hand - Response: flexion of fingers - Normal age of response: 0-4 months

Answer 347

- Stimulus: Pressure to base of toes - Response: toe flexion - Normal age of response: 28 wks gestation - 9 months

Answer 348

- Stimulus: touch on cheek - Response: turn head to same side w/ mouth open - Normal age of response: 28 wks gestation - 3 months

Answer 349

- Stimulus: head dropping into extension suddenly - Response: arms abduct, fingers open, followed by crossing arms across chest and crying - Normal age of response: 28 wks gestation - 5 months

Answer 350

- Stimulus: Loud, sudden noise - Response: similar to Moro, elbow remain flexed and hands closed - Normal age of response: 28 wks gestation - 5 months

Answer 351

- Stimulus: weight placed on balls of feet when upright - Response: stiffening of legs and trunk into extension - Normal age of response: 35 wks gestation - 2 months

Answer 352

- Stimulus: Supported upright position w/ soles of feet on firm surface - Response: reciprocal flexion/extension of legs - Normal age of response: 38 wks gestation - 2 months

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