Rapid Fire Facts Flashcards
(269 cards)
1
Q
Vertebral compression fractures
A
Osteoporosis
2
Q
Positive anterior drawer sign
A
ACL injury
3
Q
Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
A
Osteoarthritis
4
Q
Swollen, boggy, painful finger joints
A
Rheumatoid arthritis
5
Q
Cartilage erosion with polished bone underneath
A
Osteoarthritis
6
Q
Swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint
A
Gout
7
Q
Positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals
A
Pseudogout
8
Q
Negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals
A
Gout
9
Q
Bamboo spine on X-ray
A
Ankylosing spondylitis
10
Q
HLA-B27
A
Seronegative spondyloarthropathies
11
Q
Anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA antibodies
A
Lupus
12
Q
Anti-histone antibodies
A
Drug-induced lupus
13
Q
Anti-centromere antibodies
A
CREST scleroderma
14
Q
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
A
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
15
Q
Anti-Jo-1 antibodies
A
Polymyositis
16
Q
Anti-rho antibodies
A
Sjögren syndome
17
Q
Facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young woman
A
Lupus
18
Q
Arthritis, dry mouth, dry eyes
A
Sjögren syndrome
19
Q
Most common cause of death in SLE
A
Lupus nephropathy/nephritis
20
Q
Selective α-1 antagonist used to treat BPH
A
Tamsulosin
21
Q
Hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation
A
Marfan syndrome
22
Q
Hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineuronal hearing loss
A
Alport syndrome
23
Q
Most common cause of neural tube defects
A
Folate deficiency
24
Q
Most common cause of congenital intellectual disability in the U.S.
A
Fetal alcohol syndrome
25
Most common cause of congenital malformations in the U.S.
Alcohol use
26
Unilateral facial drooping involving the forehead
Bell's palsy
27
Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
Horner's syndrome
28
"Worst headache of my life"
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
29
Lucid interval following head trauma
Epidural hematoma
30
Bloody CSF on LP
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
31
Most common cause of subdural hematoma
Rupture of bridging veins
32
Most common cause of epidural hematoma
Rupture of middle meningeal artery
33
Treatment for absence seizures
Ethosuximide
34
Treatment for tonic-clonic seizures
Phenytoin, valproic acid, carbamazepine
35
Amyloid deposits in the gray matter of the brain
Senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease
36
Drooling farmer
Organophosphate poisoning
37
Medical treatment for pheochromocytoma
α-antagonist
38
Continuous machinery-like heart murmur
PDA
39
"Boot-shaped heart"
Tetralogy of Fallot or RVH in adult
40
Most common congenital cardiac defect
VSD
41
Most common congenital cause of early cyanosis
Tetralogy of Fallot
42
Rib notching
Coarctation of the aorta
43
Bounding pulses, head-bobbing, diastolic murmur
Aortic regurgitation
44
Keratin pearls on skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
45
Most common malignant skin tumor
Basal cell carcinoma
46
Most common cancer in men
Prostate cancer
47
Most common cause of urinary obstruction in men
BPH
48
Most common treatment for erectile dysfunction
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
49
Dysplastic cervical cells with enlarged dark nuclei
Koilocytes (associated with HPV infection)
50
Diethystilbestrol (DES) exposure
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
51
Most common tumor in women
Leiomyoma
52
Most common gynecologic malignancy in the U.S.
Endometrial carcinoma
53
Most common tumor of the adrenal
Benign, non-functioning adrenal adenoma
54
Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla (in adults)
Pheochromocytoma
55
Most common tumor of the adrenal (in children)
Neuroblastoma
56
Most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism
Adrenal adenoma
57
Medical treatment for hyperaldosteronism
Spironolactone or eplerenone
58
Medical treatment for pheochromocytoma
Nonselective α-blocker
59
Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, and hyperparathyroidism
MEN 2A
60
Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, and mucosal neuromas
MEN 2B
61
Adrenal disease associated with skin hyperpigmentation
Addison disease
62
HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis
Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
63
Most common thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
64
Cold intolerance
Hypothyroidism
65
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
Papillary carcinoma
66
Standard treatment for DKA
IV fluids, IV insulin, potassium replacement
67
Standard treatment for type 1 DM
Insulin
68
Standard treatment for type 2 DM
Low-carb diet, weight loss, oral hypoglycemic drugs, insulin
69
Most common cause of hypercalcemia
Primary hyperparathyroidism
70
Most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
Parathyroid adenoma
71
Most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism
Chronic renal failure
72
Most common cause of hypoparathyroidism
Accidental parathyroidectomy
73
Facial muscle spasm when tapping on the cheek
Chvostek's sign
74
Parathyroid, pancreatic, and pituitary tumors
MEN 1
75
Preferred anticoagulant for immediate anticoagulation
Heparin or LMWH
76
Preferred anticoagulant for long-term anticoagulation
Warfarin
77
Preferred anticoagulant during pregnancy
Heparin or LMWH
78
Causes of hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency, thalassemia, lead poisoning
79
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia
80
Skull X-Ray shows a "hair-on-end" appearance
Marrow hyperplasia
81
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
Lead poisoning
82
Painful cyanosis of the fingers and toes with hemolytic anemia
Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia
83
Red urine in the morning and fragile RBCs
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
84
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
Howell-Jowell bodies
85
Autosplenectomy
Sickle cell disease
86
Drug used to treat sickle cell disease
Hydroxyurea
87
Antiplatelet antibodies
Immune thrombocytopenia
88
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
Bernard-Soulier disease
89
Most common inherited bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
90
Cancer most commonly associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
91
Sheets of lymphoid cells with a "starry sky" appearance
Burkitt lymphoma
92
Large B cells with bi-lobed nuclei and prominent "owl's eye" inclusions
Hodgkin lymphoma
93
"Smudge" cells
CLL
94
"Punched out" lytic bone lesions
Multiple myeloma
95
RBCs clumped together like a stack of coins
Rouleaux formation (multiple myeloma)
96
Monoclonal antibody spike
Multiple myeloma, MGUS, Waldenström macroglbulinemia
97
Reddish-pink rods in the cytoplasm of leukemic blasts
Auer rods (AML)
98
Dark purple nodules on the skin in an HIV patient
Kaposi sarcoma
99
Temporal lobe encephalitis
HSV-1
100
Owl's eye inclusions in organ tissue
CMV
101
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplets
HSV, CMV
102
Aplastic anemia in a sickle cell patient
Parvovirus B19
103
Child with a fever and "slapped cheek" rash on the face that spreads to his body
Fifth disease (Parvovirus B19)
104
Fever, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis, and diffuse rash
Measles (Rubeola)
105
Small irregular blue-gray spots on the buccal mucosa surrounded by a base of red
Koplik's spots (Measles)
106
Dark purple nodules on the skin in an HIV patient
Kaposi sarcoma
107
Large cells with owl's eye inclusions
CMV
108
Treatment for CMV
Ganciclovir
109
Most common opportunistic infection in HIV patients
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
110
Drug used to prevent Pneumocystis pneumonia
TMP-SMX
111
Treatment for oral candidiasis
Nystatin, fluconazole
112
Most common opportunistic infection in HIV patients
Pneumocystis jirovecii
113
Prophylaxis for Cryptococcus in AIDS patients
Fluconazole
114
Prophylaxis for PCP in AIDS patients
TMP-SMX
115
Treatment for systemic candidiasis
Fluconazole, amphotericin B, echinocandin
116
Treatment for Sporothrix schenckii
Itraconazole, potassium iodide
117
Ring-enhancing brain lesion in an HIV patient
Toxoplasma gondii
118
Treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis
Metronidazole
119
Most common protozoal diarrhea
Giardia lamblia
120
Bone enlargement, bone pain, arthritis
Paget disease of the bone
121
Most common helminth infection in the U.S.
Enterobius vermicularis
122
Second most common helminth infection in the U.S.
Ascaris lumbricoides
123
Inability to breastfeed, amenorrhea, cold intolerance
Sheehan syndrome
124
Cold, pale, painful digits
Raynaud phenomenon
125
c-ANCA
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's)
126
p-ANCA
Microscopic polyangiitis
Churg-Strauss syndrome
127
Treatment for Buerger disease
Smoking cessation
128
Treatment for temporal arteritis
High dose steroids
129
Most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in neonates
Group B Strep
130
Most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in children
S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis
131
Most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in adults
S. pneumoniae
132
Osteomyelitis in an IV drug user
S. aureus, Pseudomonas
133
Osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient
Salmonella
134
Most common reportable STD
Chlamydia
135
Non-painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
Primary syphilis
136
Painful, indurated, ulcerated, genital lesion with exudate
Chancroid (H. ducreyi)
137
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells on a wet prep of vaginal discharge
Bacterial vaginosis
138
Common treatment for syphilis
Penicillin
139
Common treatment for Trichomonas
Metronidazole
140
Common treatment for Chlamydia
Doxycycline or azithromycin
141
Common treatment for gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone
142
A boy with self-mutiliating behavior, intellectual disability, and gout
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
143
Most common vitamin deficiency in the U.S.
Folate (B9) deficiency
144
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia
145
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, and polyneuropathy
Wet Beriberi (vitamin B1 deficiency)
146
Orotic acid in the urine and elevations in serum ammonia
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
147
Orotic acid in the urine and no elevations in serum ammonia
Orotic acidura (UMP synthase deficiency)
148
Megaloblastic anemia that does not improve with folate and B12
Orotic acidura (UMP synthase deficiency)
149
Most common medication for ADHD
Methylphenidate
150
Most common medication for bulimia nervosa
SSRIs (e.g. fluoxetine)
151
Medical treatment for alcohol withdrawal
Benzodiazepines
152
Most effective treatment for alcohol abuse
Alcoholics anonymous
153
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
Wernicke encephalopathy
154
Treatment for central DI
Desmopressin
155
Treatment for nephrogenic DI
HCTZ, indomethacin
156
Treatment for lithium-induced nephrogenic DI
Amiloride
157
Nodular hyaline deposits in the glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
158
Glomerulonephritis + pulmonary vasculitis
Granulomatosis with polynagiitis
Goodpasture syndrome
159
Red cell casts
Acute glomerulonephritis
160
Waxy casts
Chronic renal failure
161
Thyroid-like appearance of the kidney
Chronic pyelonephritis
162
Most common renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma
163
Most common type of renal stone
Calcium stones
164
Type of renal stone associated with Proteus
Struvite stones
165
Bluish-colored lines on the gingivae
Lead poisoning (Burton's lines)
166
Treatment of choice for Rickets or osteomalacia
Vitamin D
167
Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy, hyperpigmentation
Whipple disease
168
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
Celiac disease
169
Vitamin given to pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects
Folate
170
Most common surgical emergency
Appendicitis
171
Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
McBurney's sign (appendicitis)
172
Most common cancer of the appendix
Carcinoid tumor
173
GI hamartomas, hyper pigmentation of mouth and hands
Peutz-Jeghers syndromeM\
174
Multiple colon polyps, osteomas, soft tissue tumors
Gardner syndrome
175
"Apple core" lesion on barium enema
Colon cancer
176
Infertility, galactorrhea, and bitemporal hemianopsia
Prolactinoma
177
Most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide
Cervical cancer
178
Chocolate cyst of the ovary
Endometriosis
179
Most common benign ovarian tumor
Serous cystadenoma
180
Most common malignant ovarian tumor
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
181
Disarrayed granolas cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor)
182
Most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
Down syndrome
183
Second most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
Fragile X Syndrome
184
Horseshoe kidney, congenital heart defects, streak ovaries, and cystic hygroma
Turner syndrome
185
Rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, microcephaly with prominent occiput and small jaw
Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome)
186
Most common cancer in women in the U.S.
Breast cancer
187
Most common benign breast tumor
Fibroadenoma
188
Most common malignant breast tumor
Invasive ductal carcinoma
189
Blue dome cyst in the breast
Fibrocystic change
190
Treatment for ER+ breast cancer
Tamoxifen
191
Red, itchy, swollen rash on the areola or nipple
Paget disease
192
Branching, filamentous, Gram + rods with sulfur granules
Actinomyces israelii
193
Food poisoning due to exotoxin
S. aureus, B. cereus
194
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
195
Most common bacteria in a patient with struvite kidney stones
Proteus
196
Most common medication used for UTI prophylaxis
TMP-SMX
197
Standard treatment for T. pallidum
Penicillin
198
Cellulitis from a dog or cat bite
Pasteurella multocida
199
A non-painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
Chancre of primary syphilis
200
Large bull's eye rash
Erythema migrants of Lyme disease
201
Calcified granuloma in the lung + hilar lymphadenopathy
Ghon complex
202
Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
Pott's disease
203
Standard treatment regimen for TB
Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
204
Eczema, recurrent cold abscesses, high serum IgE
Hyper IgE syndrome
205
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
206
Dysphagia, glossitis, iron deficiency
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
207
Hematemesis with retching
Mallord-Weiss syndrome
208
Munin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
Signet ring cell
| also seen in LCIS
209
Most common type of stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
210
Ovarian metastasis from gastric cancer
Krukenberg tumor
211
Gastric ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
212
Acute gastric ulcer associated with elevated ICP or head trauma
Cushing ulcer
213
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Curling ulcer
214
Toe extension upon stimulating the sole of the foot with a blunt instrument
Babinski reflex
215
Hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone, and positive Babinski sign
Upper motor neuron lesion
216
Hyporeflexia, decreased muscle tone, and muscle atrophy
Lower motor neuron lesion
217
Eosinophilic inclusions the cytoplasm of neurons
Lewy bodies
218
Chorea, dementia, and atrophy of the caudate and putamen
Huntington disease
219
Depigmentation of the substantia nigra
Parkinson disease
220
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy with nystagmus and diplopia during lateral gaze
Internuclear opthalmoplegia
221
Mixed upper and lower motor neuron disease
ALS
222
Degeneration of the dorsal columns
Tabes dorsalis
223
Demyelinating disease in a young woman
Multiple sclerosis
224
Newborn with arm paralysis following difficult labor
Erb-Duchenne palsy
225
Most common cause of dementia
Alzheimer disease
226
Second most common cause of dementia
Multi-infarct dementia
227
Extracellular amyloid deposits in the gray matter
Alzheimer disease (amyloid plaques)
228
Intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau protein
Alzheimer disease (neurofibrillary tangles)
229
Intracellular spherical aggregates of tau protein seen on silver stain
Pick disease (frontotemporal dementia)
230
Most common site of colonic diverticula
Sigmoid colon
231
"String sign" on contrast X-ray
Crohn's disease
232
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on contrast X-ray
Ulcerative colitis
233
Painless jaundice
Pancreatic cancer
234
Most common cause of pancreatitis
Gallstones and alcohol
235
Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis
Alcohol abuse
236
Severe hyperbilirubinemia in a neonate
Crigler-Najjar syndrome (type I)
237
Mild, benign, hyperbilirubinemia
Gilbert syndrome
238
Triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes
Fatty liver disease
239
Eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes
Mallory bodies
240
Cancer closely linked to cirrhosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
241
Hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascites
Budd-Chiari syndrome
242
Green/yellow corneal deposits
Kayser-Fleischer rings (Wilson disease)
243
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson disease
244
Cirrhosis, diabetes, and hyperpigmentation
Hemochromatosis
245
Chronic sinusitis, infertility, and situs inversus
Kartagener syndrome
246
Elevated D-dimers
PE, DVT
247
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, stasis of blood
Virchow's triad
248
Blue bloater
Hypoxemia, hypercapnia (chronic bronchitis)
249
Pink puffer
Dyspnea, hyperventilation (emphysema)
250
Curschmann's spirals
Shed epithelium from mucus plugs (asthma)
251
Most common cause of pulmonary HTN
COPD
252
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and uveitis
Sarcoidosis
253
Vasculitis and glomerulonephritis
Goodpasture, Wegener's
254
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture
255
Honeycomb lung on X-ray
Interstitial fibrosis
256
"Tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles
Birbeck granules
257
Iron-containing nodules in the alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies
258
Lung cancer associated with SIADH
Small cell carcinoma
259
Tumor associated with Horner syndrome
Pancoast tumor
260
Chest pain, pericardial friction rub, and persistent fever occurring several weeks after MI
Dressler syndrome
261
Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
Roth spots (infective endocarditis)
262
Splinter hemorrhages under the fingernails
Infective endocarditis
263
Heart valve most commonly involved in infective endocarditis
Mitral valve
264
Heart valve most commonly involved in an IV drug user with infective endocarditis
Tricuspid valve
265
Granulomatous nodules in the heart
Aschoff bodies (Rheumatic heart disease)
266
Most common pulmonary cardiac tumor in adults
Left atrial myxoma
267
Most common primary cardiac tumor in children
Rhabdomyoma
268
Most common cause of constrictive pericarditis
U.S. = Lupus
| Developing countries = TB
269
Swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucous membranes, and spots on the skin
Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency)
