Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

USMLE First Aid > Rapid Review > Flashcards

Rapid Review Flashcards

(112 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Achilles tendon xanthoma

A

Familial hypercholesterolemia (LDL receptor signaling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Positive Anterior “drawer sign”

A

Anterior cruciate ligament injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints

A

Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Athlete with polycythemia

A

2° to erythropoietin injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

Pott disease (vertebral TB)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Blue sclera

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bluish line on gingiva

A

Burton line (lead poisoning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis

A

Paget disease of bone ( osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing

A

Aortic regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

“Butterfly” facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)

A

Neurofibromatosis type I (+ pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Café-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities

A

McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Calf pseudohypertrophy

A

Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne): X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

“Cherry-red spots” on macula

A

Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chest pain on exertion

A

Angina (stable: with moderate exertion; unstable: with minimal exertion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI

A

Dressler syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1–12 weeks after acute episode)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Child uses arms to stand up from squat

A

Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body

A

“Slapped cheeks” (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

A

Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria

A

McArdle disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

A

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke])

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

A

Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease [pretibial])

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8
26
Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis)
27
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)
28
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition
Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency)
29
Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
Sjögren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
30
Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
31
Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect)
32
Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or Sézary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)
33
Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)
34
Fat, female, forty, and fertile
Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
35
Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
36
Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction;  cancer risk, mainly GI)
37
Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
38
Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)
39
Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
Klüver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
40
Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present
UMN damage
41
Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations
LMN damage
42
Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
“Blue bloater” (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)
43
Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
Nonpainful: chancre (1° syphilis, Treponema pallidum) Painful, with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
44
Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia
Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)
45
Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurodegeneration
Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
46
Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly
Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von Gierke disease (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, more severe)
47
Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect
Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)
48
Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder
Courvoisier sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree)
49
Large rash with bull’s-eye appearance
Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)
50
Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)
51
Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
52
Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
53
Muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension
Beck triad of cardiac tamponade
54
Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth
Gardner syndrome (subtype of FAP)
55
Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance
Pompe Disease (lysosomal α-1,4-glucosidase deficiency)
56
Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5–C6] brachial plexus injury: “waiter’s tip”)
57
No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction)
58
Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Multiple sclerosis
59
Oscillating slow/fast breathing
Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or intracranial pressure)
60
Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis)
61
Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/microabscesses)
62
Painless jaundice
Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
63
Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria
Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
64
Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
MEN 1 (autosomal dominant)
65
Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia
Nephrotic syndrome
66
Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
“Pink puffer” (emphysema: centriacinar [smoking], panacinar [α1-antitrypsin deficiency])
67
Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets
Fanconi syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
68
Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 P’s)
Lichen planus
69
Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
70
Pupil accommodates but doesn’t react
Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
71
Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/upper respiratory infection
Guillain-Barré syndrome (acute autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
72
Rash on palms and soles
Coxsackie A, 2° syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
73
Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum
IgE Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
74
Red “currant jelly” sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients
Klebsiella pneumoniae
75
Red “currant jelly” stools
Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults), intussusception (infants)
76
Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
Paget disease of the Breast (sign of underlying neoplasm)
77
Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)
78
Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
79
Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
Parkinson disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
80
Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)
81
Severe jaundice in neonate
Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
82
Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ
Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis)
83
Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
McBurney sign (acute appendicitis)
84
Short stature,  incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML)
85
Single palmar crease
Down syndrome
86
Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
87
Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue
Addison disease (1° adrenocortical insufficiency causes ACTH and  α-MSH production)
88
Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
Becker muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne)
89
Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers
Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus)
90
Smooth, flat, moist, painless white lesions on genitals
Condylomata lata (2° syphilis)
91
Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
Bacterial endocarditis
92
“Strawberry tongue”
Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome
93
hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema
Turner syndrome (45,XO)
94
Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
95
Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae
Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can’t hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
96
Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard nodes], DIP [Heberden nodes])
97
Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
Aortic valve stenosis
98
Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
MEN 2A (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
99
Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis
MEN 2B (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
100
Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
Babinski sign (UMN lesion)
101
Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
Facial nerve (LMN CN VII palsy)
102
Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27
103
Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations
Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)
104
Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei)
105
“Worst headache of my life”
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
106
Anticentromere antibodies
Scleroderma (CREST)
107
Anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
108
Anti–glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
109
Antihistone antibodies
Drug-induced SLE (e.g., hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
110
Anti-IgG antibodies
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonnière deformity)
111
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
1° biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
112
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

USMLE First Aid (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions