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Chemistry A Level > Reagents and conditions > Flashcards

Reagents and conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Carboxylic acid to Ester

A

Alcohol/conc H2SO4

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2
Q

Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

RCOCl

A

H2O

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3
Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

Steam
H3PO4 catalyst
300 degrees C
60-70 atmospheres

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4
Q

Acyl chloride to secondary amide

RNHCOR’

A

Primary amiNe

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5
Q

Acyl chloride to Ester

A

Alcohol

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6
Q

Ketone to hydroxynitrile

A

NaCN(aq)/H+(aq)

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7
Q

Alkane to haloalkane

A

X2 (where X is a halogen)

UV light

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8
Q

Secondary alcohol to ketone

A

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 (acidified potassium dichromate)

Reflux

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9
Q

Ester to carboxylic acid

A

Dilute acid, heat

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10
Q

Nitrile to amine

A

H2/Ni

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11
Q

Hydroxynitrile to amine

CN triple bond with an OH group

A

H2/Ni

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12
Q

Aldehyde to primary alcohol

A

NaBH4

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13
Q

Haloalkane to amine

                   (R-NH2) or secondary + tertiary version
A

NH3/ethanol

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14
Q

Ketone to secondary alcohol

A

NaBH4

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15
Q

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid

Or primary alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 (acidified potassium dichromate)

Reflux

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16
Q

Hydroxynitrile to carboxylic acid

A

H2O/HCl, heat

17
Q

Alcohol to Ester

A

Carboxylic acid/H2SO4

Or

Acid anhydride

18
Q

Alcohol to an alkene

A

Add conc.H2SO4 or H3PO4

Heat

19
Q

Haloalkane to alcohol

A

Warm NaOH or KOH
H2O
Reflux

20
Q

Alkene to dihaloalkane

A

X2 (X is a halogen)
20 degrees C
Dihaloalkane as you’re adding 2 halogen atoms to the molecule

21
Q

Alkene to alkane

A

H2
Nickel catalyst
150 degrees C/423K

22
Q

Aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

A

NaCN(aq)/H+(aq)

23
Q

Nitrile to carboxylic acid

A

H2O/HCl, heat

24
Q

Acyl chloride to primary amide

RCOCl) (RCONH2

A

NH3

25
Q

Ester to carboxylate (RCOO-)

A

OH-, heat

26
Q

Primary alcohol to aldehyde

A

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 (acidified potassium dichromate)

Distillation

27
Q

Haloalkane to nitrile

CN triple bond

A

CN-/ethanol

28
Q

Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

RCOCl

A

SOCl2

29
Q

Alkene to haloalkane

A

HX (where X is a halogen)

20 degrees C

30
Q

Alcohol to haloalkane

A

NaX
H2SO4 catalyst
20 degrees C

Can be done with any compounds containing halide ions

Chemistry A Level (7 decks)

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